ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer atenolol 25 mg PO every 12 hr. The amount available is atenolol 50 mg/tab. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 0.5 tablets.
To determine this, the nurse needs to divide the prescribed dose (25 mg) by the strength of each tablet (50 mg). 25 mg รท 50 mg = 0.5 tablets. Since the nurse administers every 12 hours, 0.5 tablets every 12 hours would equal 1 tablet per day. The rationale is to ensure the patient receives the correct dose as prescribed. Other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately calculate the required number of tablets based on the prescribed dose and tablet strength.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a male client who has peripheral vascular disease (PVC)), is taking dietary supplements, and has a new prescription for warfarin. The nurse should instruct the client to stop which of the following supplements prior to starting the warfarin? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C. Feverfew, garlic, and ginkgo are known to increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin. They can potentiate the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, leading to an increased risk of bleeding complications. Saw palmetto and glucosamine do not have significant interactions with warfarin. It is crucial to avoid combining supplements that can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin to ensure the client's safety and prevent adverse effects.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the heparin to dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Heparin does not dissolve clots. It stops new clots from forming. Heparin works by inhibiting the formation of blood clots rather than dissolving existing clots. It does this by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, which inhibits clotting factors.
Therefore, heparin is used to prevent the extension of existing clots and the formation of new ones.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because heparin does not directly dissolve clots, oral medications do not dissolve clots, and a pharmacist would not provide the specific information about clot dissolution.
Question 4 of 5
A client who has a history of myocardial infarction (Ml) is prescribed aspirin 325 mg. The nurse recognizes that the aspirin is given due to which of the following actions of the medications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: antiplatelet aggregate. Aspirin is prescribed for a client with a history of myocardial infarction to prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing the production of thromboxane A2, which is crucial for platelet activation and aggregation. This antiplatelet effect helps prevent further blockage of blood vessels and reduces the risk of recurrent heart attacks. The other choices are incorrect because aspirin is not primarily used as an analgesic (pain reliever), antipyretic (fever reducer), or anti-inflammatory in this context.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing counseling to a woman who is HIV positive and has just discovered that she is pregnant. Which anti-HIV drug is given to HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent transmission of the virus to the infant?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: zidovudine. Zidovudine is recommended for HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent transmission of the virus to the infant due to its ability to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Zidovudine works by inhibiting HIV replication and reducing viral load in the mother, thus decreasing the chances of the virus passing to the baby. Ribavirin (
Choice
A), foscarnet (
Choice
C), and acyclovir (
Choice
D) are not used for HIV treatment or prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Ribavirin is used for certain viral infections like hepatitis C, foscarnet is used for CMV infections, and acyclovir is used for herpes viruses.