ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client who has been taking cimetidine for hyperacidity calls the clinic to say that the medication has not been effective. The nurse reviews his history and notes that which factor may be influencing the effectiveness of this drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because smoking cigarettes can decrease the effectiveness of cimetidine by increasing the metabolism of the drug in the liver. This leads to lower levels of cimetidine in the bloodstream, reducing its therapeutic effect. Taking cimetidine with meals (choice
A) may actually enhance its absorption, while taking an antacid 3 hours after the dose (choice
B) should not interfere with its effectiveness. Drinking water with each dose (choice
C) is also unlikely to affect the drug's efficacy. Thus, the incorrect choices can be ruled out based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics principles.
Question 2 of 5
A client who has received chemotherapy has a critically low platelet count. The nurse expects which drug or drug class to be used to stimulate platelet cell production?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oprelvekin. Oprelvekin is a thrombopoietic growth factor that stimulates platelet cell production. It is used to increase platelet count in patients with critically low levels due to chemotherapy. Epoetin alfa (
A) is used to stimulate red blood cell production, not platelets. Filgrastim (
C) is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used to stimulate white blood cell production. Interferons (
D) are used for antiviral and antitumor effects, not platelet production.
Question 3 of 5
A client had abdominal surgery this morning. The client is groggy but complaining of severe pain around the incision. What is the most important assessment data to consider before the nurse administers a dose of morphine sulfate to the client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The client's respiratory rate. Before administering morphine sulfate, it is crucial to assess the client's respiratory rate because opioids like morphine can cause respiratory depression. Monitoring the respiratory rate helps in identifying any potential adverse effects and ensuring the client is breathing adequately.
Choice B (The appearance of the incision) is important for wound healing but not as critical as assessing the respiratory status before administering a potent pain medication like morphine.
Choice C (The date of the client's last bowel movement) is relevant for assessing bowel function but is not directly related to the immediate safety concern of respiratory depression with morphine.
Choice D (The client's pulse rate) is also important, but respiratory rate takes precedence as it directly correlates with the potential adverse effect of opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Question 4 of 5
When assessing a client who is receiving a loop diuretic, the nurse looks for the manifestations of potassium deficiency, which would include what symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: The correct symptoms of potassium deficiency include muscle weakness, lethargy, and anorexia. Potassium is essential for muscle function, so weakness is a common manifestation. Lethargy can result from potassium deficiency affecting energy metabolism. Anorexia can occur due to potassium's role in appetite regulation. Loose stools are not typically associated with potassium deficiency. Tinnitus is not a common symptom of low potassium levels. Overall, the correct choices directly relate to the physiological effects of potassium deficiency, making them the appropriate selections.
Question 5 of 5
A client is in the urgent care center after experiencing a black widow spider bite. The nurse prepares to give which product to treat this injury?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antivenins or antisera. Antivenins are specific antibodies that neutralize the venom of black widow spiders, providing immediate relief. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Active immunizing drug is used for prevention, not immediate treatment. C: Live vaccine is also for prevention and will not treat a spider bite. D: Tetanus immune globulin is used to prevent tetanus infection, not treat spider bites.