ATI RN
ATI Nurs 180 Phamacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer medications to a 54-year old client. Which medications taken would be affected by the first-pass effect?
Correct Answer: C,E,F
Rationale: The correct answer is C, E, F. These medications are affected by the first-pass effect because they are taken orally, absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation. Famotidine, Acetaminophen, and Diphenhydramine undergo significant first-pass metabolism, reducing their bioavailability. A and D (Nitroglycerin) are sublingual, bypassing the first-pass effect. B (Morphine) is administered intravenously, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and liver metabolism.
Therefore, it is not affected by the first-pass effect.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching with a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sublingual. Sublingual administration bypasses the digestive system, allowing rapid absorption directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes under the tongue. This route provides the fastest onset of action, making it ideal for medications like nitroglycerin that require quick effects in emergencies. Transdermal patch (
A) and topical ointment (
B) have slower absorption rates through the skin. Suspended-release (
C) formulations are designed for controlled, gradual release over time, not rapid onset.
Therefore, sublingual administration is the most suitable for achieving the desired rapid effect with nitroglycerin.
Question 3 of 5
A client presents to the healthcare setting with a diagnosis of chronic liver failure. The nurse understands this will affect which step of pharmacokinetics?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Metabolism. In chronic liver failure, the liver's ability to metabolize drugs is impaired due to decreased enzyme function. This affects drug metabolism, leading to potential drug toxicity or decreased efficacy. Absorption (
A) is not primarily affected by liver function. Excretion (
B) involves elimination of drugs from the body, typically through the kidneys, which may not be significantly impacted by liver failure. Distribution (
D) involves the movement of drugs throughout the body and is not directly influenced by liver function.
Therefore, the most significant impact of chronic liver failure on pharmacokinetics is on the metabolism of drugs.
Question 4 of 5
Complete the following sentence using the options in the drop down selection. _____ Is what the body does with the drug versus ____ which is what the drug does to the body.
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Pharmacokinetics, and E, Pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion), while Pharmacodynamics refers to what the drug does to the body (mechanism of action, effects). This differentiation is crucial in understanding how drugs work in the body.
Choice A, Affinity, refers to the strength of binding between a drug and its target.
Choice B, Efficacy, refers to the maximum effect a drug can produce.
Choice C, Biotransformation, is the process of converting a drug into a metabolite.
Therefore, choices A, B, and C are not directly related to the specific actions of the body and the drug as described in the original sentence.
Question 5 of 5
A client is prescribed antibiotics while awaiting the results of their wound culture. The nurse understands this method of medication therapy is known as:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Empiric therapy. This is when antibiotics are prescribed based on clinical judgement before culture results are available. It is done to treat potential infections promptly. A: Palliative therapy focuses on symptom relief. B: Prophylactic therapy is preventive. C: Maintenance therapy is to manage chronic conditions.