ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Exam Final Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has rheumatoid arthritis about taking methotrexate. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drink 2 to 3 L of water per day. This is important because methotrexate can cause kidney damage and dehydration. Adequate hydration helps to prevent kidney damage and reduce the risk of methotrexate toxicity. Taking an antiemetic following administration (
A) is not necessary for all patients. Taking methotrexate with an NSAID (
B) is not recommended as it can increase the risk of side effects. Rinsing the mouth with an alcohol-based mouthwash (
D) is not necessary and can be irritating.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has diabetes and a new prescription for insulin glargine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide regarding this type of insulin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin with a duration of action of approximately 18 to 24 hours. This type of insulin provides a steady level of basal insulin over an extended period, making it ideal for maintaining blood sugar levels between meals and overnight. Option A is correct because it accurately reflects the duration of action of insulin glargine. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide inaccurate information about the duration of action, which may lead to incorrect dosing and potential complications for the client.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection and a prescription for gentamicin intermittent IV bolus every 8 hr. A peak and trough is required with the next dose. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to obtain an accurate gentamicin serum level?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Drawing a trough level immediately before administration ensures the lowest concentration of the medication, providing an accurate baseline. Drawing a peak level 30 minutes after the dose allows for the measurement of the highest concentration reached, which is important for evaluating the drug's effectiveness and potential toxicity.
Choice B is incorrect because the timing does not align with the dosing schedule.
Choice C is incorrect as drawing the peak level before administration would not reflect the peak concentration post-administration.
Choice D is incorrect as the trough level should be drawn before administration, not after.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client Who has a new prescription for aluminum hydroxide to treat heartburn. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for and report Which of the following adverse reactions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Constipation. Aluminum hydroxide is known to cause constipation as a common adverse reaction due to its antacid properties. It can slow down bowel movements and lead to difficulty in passing stools. Flatulence (
A) and headache (
B) are not common adverse reactions of aluminum hydroxide. Palpitations (
C) are not typically associated with this medication.
Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to monitor for constipation and report it promptly for appropriate management.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning to administer butorphanol to a client Who is in labor. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to have available to reverse the action of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Naloxone. Butorphanol is an opioid analgesic that can cause respiratory depression in the mother and the newborn. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse the effects of opioids, including butorphanol, by displacing the opioid from the receptors. Diphenhydramine (
B) is an antihistamine and not used to reverse opioid effects. Protamine (
C) is used to reverse heparin, not opioids. Atropine (
D) is an anticholinergic drug used for bradycardia, not for reversing opioid effects.