ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology NRSG 106 Fletcher Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for codeine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "You should change positions slowly." When a client takes codeine, it can cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when changing positions quickly. By advising the client to change positions slowly, the nurse helps prevent falls or injuries.
Choice A is incorrect because alcohol consumption should be avoided with codeine, not limited to 12 ounces daily.
Choice B is incorrect as diarrhea is not a common side effect of codeine.
Choice C is incorrect as taking codeine on an empty stomach can actually increase the risk of nausea.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which of the following medications can cause glucose intolerance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prednisone. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can cause glucose intolerance by increasing blood sugar levels through various mechanisms, such as decreasing insulin sensitivity and increasing gluconeogenesis. This can be especially problematic for individuals with diabetes, as it can worsen glycemic control.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant and does not typically affect glucose levels.
C: Atorvastatin is a statin used to lower cholesterol and does not have a direct impact on glucose intolerance.
D: Cimetidine is an H2 blocker used to reduce stomach acid and does not typically affect glucose levels.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who is to begin taking tamoxifen to treat breast cancer. The nurse should instruct the client to expect which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clotting. Tamoxifen is known to increase the risk of blood clots, which can lead to serious complications like deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. The mechanism of action of tamoxifen involves blocking estrogen receptors, which can lead to a pro-coagulant state. Constipation (choice
A), tinnitus (choice
C), and urinary retention (choice
D) are not commonly associated adverse effects of tamoxifen. Constipation is more often linked to opioid medications, tinnitus to ototoxic drugs, and urinary retention to medications with anticholinergic effects.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is prescribed furosemide. Which of the following findings is an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium. This can lead to hypokalemia, which is a common adverse effect. Hypoglycemia (
B) is not directly associated with furosemide. Weight gain (
C) is not an adverse effect but rather a potential improvement in heart failure symptoms due to decreased fluid overload. Increased blood pressure (
D) is not an expected adverse effect of furosemide; instead, it typically helps reduce blood pressure.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is calculating the intake of a client during the past 9 hr. The client's intake includes lactated Ringer's IV at 150 mL/hr, cefazolin 2 g IV intermittent bolus in 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, two units of packed RBCs of 275 mL and 250 mL; two IV bolus infusions of 250 mL of 6.0% sodium chloride, famotidine 20 mg IV intermittent bolus in 50 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. How many mL of intake should the nurse record?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 2525 mL.
To calculate the total intake, add up the intake from each item: Lactated Ringer's IV (150 mL/hr x 9 hr = 1350 mL), cefazolin (100 mL), packed RBCs (275 mL + 250 mL = 525 mL), IV bolus infusions of 6.0% sodium chloride (250 mL + 250 mL = 500 mL), and famotidine (50 mL). Adding all these values together: 1350 + 100 + 525 + 500 + 50 = 2525 mL.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not account for all the components.
Choice B is incorrect as it underestimates the total intake.
Choice D is incorrect as it overestimates the total intake.