ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology 2 Quiz Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (
D): Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics. The nurse should include this information in teaching about MRSA because MRSA is a type of bacteria that has developed resistance to many antibiotics, including high doses. It is important for the client to understand that increasing antibiotic doses will not effectively treat MRSA due to its resistance mechanism. This knowledge will help the client and healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatment options.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
A: Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed - This is incorrect because MRSA requires alternative treatment strategies due to its resistance to certain antibiotics, not lower dosages.
B: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible - This is incorrect because broad-spectrum antibiotics may not be effective against MRSA and can contribute to antibiotic resistance.
C: Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present - This is incorrect because MRSA is a bacterial infection, not viral, and requires specific antibiotic treatment.
Question 2 of 5
A patient asks the nurse to define hypersensitivity reaction. The nurse begins by telling the patient that a hypersensitivity reaction is also called:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Allergic reaction. Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses to harmless substances. Allergic reactions specifically involve the immune system recognizing an allergen as harmful and mounting an immune response, leading to symptoms like itching, rash, and swelling.
Choice A, antagonistic reaction, refers to interactions between drugs.
Choice B, drug idiosyncrasy, is a unique reaction to a drug.
Choice C, synergistic reaction, involves combined effects of substances.
Choice D is the best answer as it directly relates to the immune response seen in hypersensitivity reactions.
Question 3 of 5
A client has been diagnosed with tuberculosis. How long does the nurse anticipate this client will require treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 6-12 months. Tuberculosis treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics taken for an extended period to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria. The standard treatment duration for TB is around 6-12 months to prevent relapse and drug resistance. Shorter durations like 2-4 weeks (
C) or 7-10 days (
D) are insufficient to effectively treat TB, leading to treatment failure. A duration of 36 months (
A) is too long and unnecessary for uncomplicated cases, potentially causing patient non-compliance. In summary, the correct answer of 6-12 months is based on the standard treatment guidelines for tuberculosis, providing adequate time for complete recovery and reducing the risk of recurrence.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following can be determined using culture and sensitivity tests?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Microbial susceptibility to an anti-infective. Culture and sensitivity tests help identify the specific microorganism causing an infection and determine which antibiotics it is susceptible to. This information guides healthcare providers in choosing the most effective treatment, ensuring targeted therapy.
A, C, and D are incorrect because culture and sensitivity tests do not directly determine the decision to administer a bactericidal or bacteriostatic drug, the duration of antibacterial therapy, or whether to administer empiric therapy. These decisions are based on clinical judgment, patient factors, and guidelines rather than test results.
Question 5 of 5
A client has been prescribed isoniazid (INI) for tuberculosis. Which foods should the client avoid while taking this medication, as they are high in tyramine? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, C, and E. Tyramine-rich foods can interact with isoniazid, leading to a hypertensive crisis. A. Chocolate, B. Aged cheese, C. Bananas, and E. White wine are high in tyramine, which can cause this dangerous reaction. D. Red meat is not high in tyramine, so it does not need to be avoided.