ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2019 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is administering 4 mg of hydromorphone to a client by mouth every 4 hr. The medication is provided as hydromorphone 8 mg per tablet. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dispose of the remaining medication while another nurse observes. This is appropriate to ensure proper disposal and prevent any potential misuse or errors. Storing the remaining half in the automated system (
A) can lead to confusion or misuse. Returning the medication to the pharmacy (
C) may not be allowed due to contamination risks. Placing the remaining half in a unit-dose package (
D) can lead to dosing errors.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning teaching for a client who is trying to quit smoking. Which of the following instructions about nicotine replacement options should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Do not drink beverages while sucking on a nicotine lozenge. This instruction is important because drinking beverages while sucking on the lozenge can decrease the absorption of nicotine, reducing its effectiveness in helping the client quit smoking. Nicotine lozenges should be used by allowing them to dissolve slowly in the mouth, without chewing or swallowing. This allows the nicotine to be absorbed through the mucous membranes in the mouth, providing a controlled release of nicotine to help manage withdrawal symptoms.
B: Chewing nicotine gum for 10 min before spitting it out is incorrect as nicotine gum should be chewed slowly until a tingling sensation occurs, then parked between the cheek and gums until the tingling disappears.
C: Changing the nicotine patch every other day is incorrect as nicotine patches should typically be changed daily to maintain a steady level of nicotine in the body.
D: Administering 2 sprays of nicotine nasal spray in each nostril with each dose is incorrect
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hyponatremia and is receiving an infusion of a prescribed hypertonic solution. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the treatment is effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Improved cognition. Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, leading to neurological symptoms like confusion and altered mental status. Administering a hypertonic solution helps increase sodium levels, ultimately improving cognition.
Choice B is incorrect because cardiac arrhythmias are not directly related to sodium levels.
Choice C is incorrect because vomiting is not a specific indicator of sodium levels.
Choice D is incorrect as Chvostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client and discovers a medication error. The nurse should recognize that which of the following staff members is responsible for completing an incident report?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The nurse who identifies the error. This nurse is responsible for completing an incident report because they discovered the medication error. By reporting the error, appropriate actions can be taken to prevent harm to the client and improve patient safety. The quality improvement committee (
A) is not directly responsible for completing incident reports. The charge nurse (
B) may be involved in the investigation but is not the one who should complete the report. The nurse who caused the error (
C) may be involved in the incident report process but is not solely responsible for completing it. It is essential for the nurse who identifies the error (
D) to document the incident accurately for proper follow-up and resolution.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has angina about a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Keep the tablets at room temperature in their original glass bottle. Nitroglycerin tablets are sensitive to light, moisture, and heat. Storing them in their original glass bottle at room temperature helps maintain their efficacy.
Choice A is incorrect as nitroglycerin is typically taken as needed for angina attacks, not prophylactically each morning.
Choice B is incorrect as nitroglycerin tablets should be replaced every 6 months after opening, not discarded.
Choice D is incorrect as nitroglycerin tablets are meant to be placed under the tongue, not between the cheek and gum.