ATI RN
ATI Nur 180 Pharmacology quiz Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client suffering from asthma is placed on theophylline to reduce the frequency of acute attacks. Which of the following adverse effects would the nurse caution the client prior to discharge?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachycardia. Theophylline is a bronchodilator used in asthma treatment that can lead to tachycardia as a common adverse effect due to its stimulant properties. Tachycardia is characterized by an increased heart rate, which can be concerning for clients with cardiac issues. Constipation (
B) is not a common adverse effect of theophylline. Drowsiness (
C) is more commonly associated with other medications like antihistamines. Oliguria (
D) is not a typical adverse effect of theophylline and is not a common concern with its use. It is important for the nurse to educate the client on the potential adverse effects of theophylline, especially tachycardia, to ensure proper monitoring and management.
Question 2 of 5
A client who suffers from severe persistent allergic asthma is prescribed omalizumab (Xolair). Which statement below correctly describes the mechanism of action associated with omalizumab (Xolair)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Omalizumab (Xolair) selectively binds to IgE, reducing allergic mediators and asthma attacks. IgE is involved in the allergic response by triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. By binding to IgE, omalizumab prevents it from triggering the allergic cascade, thereby reducing asthma attacks.
Choice A is incorrect because omalizumab does not directly inhibit the production of leukotrienes and histamine.
Choice B is incorrect as omalizumab does not inhibit mast cells from releasing histamine.
Choice D is incorrect as omalizumab does not stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking fluticasone due to chronic allergies. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fungal infections. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid medication that suppresses the immune system, making the client more susceptible to fungal infections. Corticosteroids can weaken the body's defense against fungal overgrowth, especially in moist areas like the mouth or skin folds. Monitoring for signs of fungal infections such as thrush or skin rashes is essential.
Incorrect choices:
A: Hypertension - Fluticasone is not known to cause hypertension.
C: Decreased immunity - Although fluticasone can suppress the immune system, the specific adverse effect related to this is an increased risk of infections, not decreased immunity.
D: Hypoglycemia - Fluticasone is not associated with causing hypoglycemia in clients.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is educating student nurses on the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which medications are primarily used for upper respiratory conditions? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The correct answers are A: Decongestants and C: H1 Antagonists. Decongestants help relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract by constricting blood vessels, reducing swelling. H1 Antagonists, like antihistamines, target histamine receptors in the upper respiratory tract to alleviate symptoms like sneezing and itching.
Incorrect choices:
B: H2 Antagonists primarily target stomach acid production, not upper respiratory conditions.
D: LABAs are used for lower respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD.
E: SABAs are also used for lower respiratory conditions like asthma.
F: Mast Cell Stabilizers are used for allergic rhinitis but are not primarily for upper respiratory conditions.
Question 5 of 5
A client's severe asthma has necessitated the use of a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA). Which of the client's statements suggests a need for further education?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A: "Make sure to use this each time I feel an asthma attack coming on."
Rationale: This statement suggests a need for further education because LABAs are not meant for immediate relief during an asthma attack. They are intended for long-term control and prevention. Using LABAs as a rescue medication can be dangerous and ineffective. The client should be using a short-acting beta2-agonist (SAB
A) for quick relief during an asthma attack.
Summary of other choices:
B: "I know that these drugs can sometimes make my heart beat faster." - This statement shows an understanding of a common side effect of LABAs.
C: "I've heard that this drug sometimes gets less effective over time." - This statement acknowledges the potential development of tolerance to LABAs over time.
D: "I've heard that this drug is particularly good at preventing asthma attacks during exercise." - This statement reflects an appropriate understanding of LABAs being used as a prevention strategy during exercise.