ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, such as rewards or punishments, distinguishing it from classical conditioning.
Choice A, a dog salivating at a bell, is an example of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (bell) becomes associated with an unconditioned response (salivation) via repeated pairing, as demonstrated by Pavlov. In contrast, choice B, a rat pressing a lever for food, exemplifies operant conditioning, as the rat learns to perform an action (lever press) to receive a reward (food).
Choice C, a crow pecking a key for food, also fits operant conditioning, as the behavior is reinforced by a positive outcome.
Choice D, 'all of the above,' is incorrect because A is not operant conditioning. B is the correct answer as it clearly illustrates a behavior shaped by its consequence, a core principle of operant conditioning. Nurses apply this concept in behavior modification therapies, reinforcing positive actions to improve patient outcomes, making it critical to distinguish between these learning types.
Question 2 of 5
Rheumatic heart disease is caused by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rheumatic heart disease (RH
D) follows rheumatic fever, triggered by an immune response to infection. Meningococci (choice
A) cause meningitis, not RHD.
Choice B (Group A B hemolytic staphylococci) is a misnomer; staphylococci don't cause RHD. Pneumococci (choice
C) lead to pneumonia, not rheumatic fever. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (choice D, Streptococcus pyogenes) cause pharyngitis, initiating an autoimmune reaction damaging heart valves in RHD. D is correct, reflecting the established etiology. Nurses administer penicillin, monitor cardiac function, and educate on prophylaxis, preventing progression.
Question 3 of 5
Most priority nursing intervention while caring for a child who is suffering from tonic-clonic seizure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During tonic-clonic seizures, safety is paramount. Oxygen (choice
A) may follow but isn't first. Sitting/water (choice
B) risks aspiration, inappropriate. Protecting from injury (choice
C) padding, clearing objects prevents harm during convulsions. Restraints (choice
D) worsen injury. C is correct, per seizure protocol. Nurses time seizures, ensure airway post-ictal, and reassure, prioritizing safety.
Question 4 of 5
Imelda, was slashed and hacked by an unknown suspects. She suffered massive tissue loss and laceration on her arms and elbow in an attempt to evade the criminal. As a nurse, you know that the type of healing that will most likely occur to Miss Imelda is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Imelda's massive tissue loss and lacerations suggest second intention healing (
B). This occurs in large, open wounds where edges can't be sutured, healing via granulation tissue formation from the base up, often with significant scarring. First intention (
A) requires clean, approximated edges, not feasible here. Third intention (
C) involves delayed closure of infected wounds, but the scenario doesn't specify infection or surgical delay. Fourth intention (
D) isn't recognized. Second intention fits extensive trauma with tissue loss, as the body fills the defect naturally, making B the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Marissa Salva, Uses Benson's relaxation. How is it done?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Benson's relaxation (
B) involves focusing on breathing, relaxing without tensing, and repeating a word/sound post-exhalation to reduce stress. Tensing muscles (
A) is progressive relaxation (Jacobson). Positive statements (
C) fit affirmations, not Benson. Exercise with meditation (
D) is broader. Benson's method, per his research, uses breath focus and repetition for physiologic calm, making B correct.