ATI LPN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiac Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hereditary methaemoglobinaemia is most commonly due to deficiency of which red cell enzyme?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hereditary methemoglobinemia is most commonly due to cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency (
Choice
A), impairing reduction of methemoglobin to hemoglobin, causing cyanosis. Glutathione peroxidase (
Choice
B) protects against oxidative stress, not methemoglobin. Heme oxygenase (
Choice
C) degrades heme, unrelated here. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (
Choice
D) affects folate metabolism. Cytochrome b5 reductase is the key enzyme.
Question 2 of 5
Which first-line agents are preferred in treating seizures secondary to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE):
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line treatment for neonatal HIE seizures, per AAP and WHO guidelines, due to efficacy and safety. Benzodiazepines are adjunctive, paraldehyde is obsolete, phenytoin is second-line, and propofol is contraindicated in neonates.
Question 3 of 5
In newborns with polycythemia, highly elevated viscosity is due to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycythemia increases viscosity primarily via a high RBC count , raising hematocrit (AAP). Plasma volume contributes less, and capillary factors (C-E) are secondary.
Question 4 of 5
Most common cause of severe mental retardation is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chromosomal disorders , like Down syndrome, are the top cause of severe mental retardation due to prevalence and impact (CD
C). B-E are less frequent.
Question 5 of 5
Best diagnostic study to diagnose patients with adrenoleukodystrophy is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated VLCFA in plasma and RBCs confirms adrenoleukodystrophy diagnosis (NOR
D). B-E are incorrect.