Correct Answer: B

Rationale:
Choice B is correct because volatile drugs, which are gaseous or easily vaporized, are primarily excreted via the lungs through exhalation, a key route for substances like anesthetics.
Choice A is incorrect as kidneys excrete water-soluble drugs, not volatile ones, which don't typically undergo renal filtration in that form.
Choice C is wrong because bile and feces are routes for non-volatile, metabolized drugs.
Choice D is incorrect since skin excretion (e.g., via sweat) is minimal and not significant for volatile substances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Choice C is correct because lipid solubility affects gastric drug absorption by determining how easily a drug crosses the stomach's lipid membranes, a key pharmacokinetic factor.
Choice A is incorrect as liver enzyme activity impacts metabolism, not gastric absorption.
Choice B is wrong because protein binding affects distribution, not initial absorption.
Choice D is incorrect since chewing and swallowing influence administration, not the absorption process in the stomach.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale:
Choice D is correct because giving two pain medications together typically results in an additive effect, where their combined relief equals the sum of their individual effects, a common strategy in pain management.
Choice A is incorrect as synergy implies a greater-than-sum effect, not specified here.
Choice B is wrong because antagonism reduces effects, opposite to the goal.
Choice C is incorrect since potentiation enhances one drug's effect by another, not necessarily equal summing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale:
Choice B is correct because a rich blood supply enhances absorption by quickly carrying absorbed drug into circulation, a key factor in pharmacokinetics.
Choice A is incorrect as larger surface area, not smaller, increases absorption rate.
Choice C is wrong because higher solubility aids absorption, not lower.
Choice D is incorrect since nonionized drugs cross membranes more easily than ionized ones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale:
Choice B is correct because treatment goals should prioritize the patient's needs, preferences, and outcomes, aligning with patient-centered care principles.
Choice A is incorrect as not all conditions are curable—some require management.
Choice C is wrong because provider convenience isn't the goal; patient benefit is.
Choice D is incorrect since cost is a factor, not the primary focus.