ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 9
A nurse is providing oxygen therapy to a client using a face mask. What is an important nursing consideration for this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing for skin breakdown (D) is vital with face masks, as prolonged pressure on the nose and cheeks can cause ulcers. Removing during meals (A) disrupts therapy. Mouth-only coverage (B) reduces efficacy. Q4h SpO2 checks (C) are too infrequent. Skin checks prevent complications, per nursing care, ensuring mask safety.
Question 2 of 9
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient during the immediate post-operative period?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immediately post-op, airway patency is critical due to anesthesia's respiratory depression or obstruction risks (e.g., secretions). Hypoxia can kill in minutes, outranking hemorrhage (next priority), intake/output, or vitals monitoring. Nurses ensure breathing via positioning or suctioning, securing oxygenation foundational to all recovery processes, preventing rapid deterioration in this vulnerable phase.
Question 3 of 9
Therapeutic nurse client relationship is describes as follows 1. Based on friendship and mutual interest 2. It is a professional relationship 3. It is focused on helping the patient solve problems and achieve health-related goals 4. Maintained only as long as the patient requires professional help
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A therapeutic relationship is professional (2), problem-focused (3), and time-limited (4), per Peplau thus C (2,3,4). Friendship (1) blurs boundaries, making A, B, and D incorrect. C aligns with nursing's therapeutic intent.
Question 4 of 9
Nurse Angela knew that Stephen Lee Mu Chin, has just undergone an operation with an incision near the diaphragm. She knew that this will contribute to some complications later on. She then should develop what type of Nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Post-op near-diaphragm incision risks complications (e.g., respiratory), warranting a risk diagnosis (D), per NANDA. Actual (A) needs current signs, probable (B) and possible (C) don't apply pre-symptom. D anticipates, making it correct.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse is monitoring the respiratory status of a client following insertion of a tracheostomy. The nurse understands that oxygen saturation measurements obtained by pulse oximetry may be inaccurate if the client has which coexisting problem?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation but can be inaccurate with hypotension (C), as low blood pressure reduces peripheral perfusion, skewing readings. Fever (A) may increase metabolic demand but doesn't directly affect accuracy. Epilepsy (B) impacts neurological status, not perfusion. Respiratory failure (D) alters oxygenation but not oximetry reliability unless perfusion is compromised. C is correct. Rationale: Hypotension decreases blood flow to capillaries where oximeters detect hemoglobin saturation, leading to falsely low or erratic results, a known limitation per critical care monitoring standards. Nurses must correlate oximetry with clinical signs and possibly arterial blood gases (ABGs) in such cases, ensuring accurate respiratory assessment post-tracheostomy, unlike the other conditions which don't directly impair device function.
Question 6 of 9
The physician has ordered antibiotic therapy for a client with a Gram-negative infection. The nurse can expect the physician to order:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, targets Gram-negative infections (e.g., E. coli), effective against their cell walls penicillin and cefazolin favor Gram-positive, erythromycin less so. Nurses anticipate this, monitoring for nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity, ensuring proper dosing for bacterial clearance in this client.
Question 7 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client following the reimplantation of the thumb and index finger. Which finding should be reported to the physician immediately?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coolness and discoloration of reimplanted digits signal vascular compromise, needing urgent reporting mild fever, pain, and stiffness are expected. Nurses monitor perfusion, acting fast, preserving viability in this surgical emergency.
Question 8 of 9
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, such as rewards or punishments, distinguishing it from classical conditioning. Choice A, a dog salivating at a bell, is an example of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (bell) becomes associated with an unconditioned response (salivation) via repeated pairing, as demonstrated by Pavlov. In contrast, choice B, a rat pressing a lever for food, exemplifies operant conditioning, as the rat learns to perform an action (lever press) to receive a reward (food). Choice C, a crow pecking a key for food, also fits operant conditioning, as the behavior is reinforced by a positive outcome. Choice D, 'all of the above,' is incorrect because A is not operant conditioning. B is the correct answer as it clearly illustrates a behavior shaped by its consequence, a core principle of operant conditioning. Nurses apply this concept in behavior modification therapies, reinforcing positive actions to improve patient outcomes, making it critical to distinguish between these learning types.
Question 9 of 9
Which of the following situation violates confidentiality?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Discussing Mr. Gary's condition with another client (C) violates confidentiality breaching privacy, per ethics/HIPAA. Family (A) and team (B) are permissible, client himself (D) is direct care. C's unauthorized disclosure makes it the violation.