ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor). Which outcome indicates that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lowered cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin is a statin medication used to lower cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of further cardiovascular events in patients with a history of MI. Lowering cholesterol helps prevent plaque buildup in arteries, reducing the likelihood of another MI. Increased blood pressure (
A) and decreased heart rate (
C) are not direct indicators of atorvastatin's effectiveness. Improved liver function (
D) may be a consideration due to potential side effects, but the primary goal of atorvastatin is to lower cholesterol levels to prevent cardiovascular events.
Question 2 of 5
The healthcare provider is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which clinical manifestation should the healthcare provider expect to find?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Moon face and buffalo hump. In Cushing's syndrome, excessive cortisol production leads to characteristic symptoms like moon face (round, puffy face) and buffalo hump (fat accumulation at the back of the neck). This is due to redistribution of fat in the body. Hyperpigmentation (choice
A) is seen in Addison's disease, not Cushing's. Hypotension (choice
B) is unlikely due to the cortisol-induced sodium retention. Weight loss (choice
D) is less common in Cushing's due to the metabolic changes causing weight gain.
Question 3 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing hyperkalemia. Which intervention should the nurse implement to address this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer calcium gluconate. Calcium gluconate is used to stabilize the cardiac membrane in hyperkalemia, preventing dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. It does not lower potassium levels but helps protect the heart.
B: Encouraging a diet high in potassium would worsen hyperkalemia.
C: Providing potassium supplements would further elevate potassium levels.
D: Restricting sodium intake does not directly address hyperkalemia.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is planning care for a 16-year-old with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The nurse includes activities to strengthen and mobilize the joints and surrounding muscles. Which physical therapy regimen should the nurse encourage the adolescent to implement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Exercise in a swimming pool. This option is ideal for a 16-year-old with JRA because it provides a low-impact environment that helps strengthen muscles and improve joint mobility without putting excessive stress on the joints. Swimming also helps reduce pain and stiffness associated with JRA.
Choice B (Splint affected joints during activity) is incorrect because splinting may restrict movement and hinder muscle strengthening.
Choice C (Perform passive range of motion exercises twice daily) is not as effective as active exercises in improving muscle strength and joint mobility.
Choice D (Begin a training program of lifting weights and running) can be too high-impact and may exacerbate joint inflammation and pain in individuals with JRA.
Question 5 of 5
A client who is receiving heparin therapy has an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 90 seconds. What action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Notify the healthcare provider. A prolonged aPTT of 90 seconds indicates the client is at risk for bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation from heparin therapy. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider immediately to adjust the dosage or consider discontinuing heparin to prevent bleeding complications. Increasing the heparin infusion rate (
A) would worsen the risk of bleeding. Applying pressure to the injection site (
C) is not appropriate in this situation. Administering protamine sulfate (
D) is the antidote for heparin overdose, but it is not the first action to take in this scenario.