ATI LPN
Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
At what pH does the digestion of protein by pepsin in the stomach require?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1.8 and 3.5. Pepsin, an enzyme involved in protein digestion, functions optimally in an acidic environment, specifically between pH 1.8 and 3.5. This low pH is necessary for pepsin to break down proteins effectively.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pepsin requires a highly acidic environment, ruling out the pH ranges listed in those options.
Question 2 of 5
The type of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that develops when the diet lacks protein is called:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition that arises due to a protein-deficient diet. This condition leads to symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, and fatty liver.
Choice B, marasmus, is a form of PEM caused by overall malnutrition (protein and calorie deficiency), resulting in severe wasting and muscle loss.
Choice C, anemia, is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not specifically related to protein deficiency.
Choice D, beriberi, is a disease caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, not a form of PEM related to protein deficiency.
Question 3 of 5
In a low-carbohydrate diet, most of the calories are supplied by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a low-carbohydrate diet, fats become the primary source of calories as carbohydrate intake is restricted. Proteins can contribute to caloric intake but are not the primary source in a low-carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrates are intentionally limited in this diet, so they do not supply most of the calories. Vitamins are essential nutrients but do not provide calories.
Question 4 of 5
Feces are composed mainly of bacteria, mucosal cells, mucus, and what else?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: fiber.' Feces are primarily made up of indigestible material, such as fiber. Bile (choice
A) is produced by the liver to aid in digestion but is not a major component of feces. Enzymes (choice
B) are involved in digestion but are not a significant component of feces. Chyme (choice
D) is the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and is not a major component of feces.
Question 5 of 5
What is the function of chylomicrons?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chylomicrons are particles that transport dietary fats from the small intestine to cells in the body. They are cleared from the bloodstream by lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in chylomicrons into fatty acids and glycerol. This process allows fats to be absorbed by the body.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chylomicrons are not formed in the hepatic system, they are composed of various lipids including triglycerides and cholesterol, and they are absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.