ATI LPN
Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the resulting semifluid mass is called:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: chyme. Chyme is the partially digested food that forms a semifluid mass after mixing with gastric juices. A is incorrect because a bolus refers to a rounded mass of food ready to be swallowed. C, rennin, is an enzyme involved in the digestion of milk proteins and not the term for the semifluid mass after food mixing with gastric secretions. D, glycogen, is a form of stored glucose in the body and is not the term used to describe the partially digested food mass in the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
The type of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that develops when the diet lacks protein is called:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition that arises due to a protein-deficient diet. This condition leads to symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, and fatty liver.
Choice B, marasmus, is a form of PEM caused by overall malnutrition (protein and calorie deficiency), resulting in severe wasting and muscle loss.
Choice C, anemia, is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not specifically related to protein deficiency.
Choice D, beriberi, is a disease caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, not a form of PEM related to protein deficiency.
Question 3 of 5
Regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus is known as:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GER
D). GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation.
Choice A, hiatal hernia, is a condition where part of the stomach pushes up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm.
Choice B, diverticulitis, is inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive system.
Choice C, gastroenteritis, is inflammation of the stomach and intestines typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
Therefore, only choice D accurately describes the regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus.
Question 4 of 5
After absorption, the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion enter the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: portal blood system. After absorption, carbohydrates and proteins are transported via the portal blood system to the liver for further processing and distribution to the rest of the body.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Enterohepatic circulation refers to the recycling of compounds between the liver and the intestines, not the direct route for absorbed nutrients. Gastrointestinal circulation is a vague and non-specific term, not specifically related to the transport of absorbed nutrients. The common bile duct is involved in transporting bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine, not the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion.
Question 5 of 5
What are the major sources of energy for the body?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, providing fuel for daily activities. Fats are also a significant energy source, especially during times of prolonged or intense exercise. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a major energy source. Vitamins and minerals are essential for various bodily functions but do not serve as direct sources of energy.