Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ketones are produced when the body uses fat for energy due to the depletion of carbohydrate stores. When carbohydrate stores are depleted, the body turns to fat as its primary source of energy, leading to the production of ketones. Excess protein consumption does not directly lead to ketone production. Similarly, the depletion of protein stores or fat stores is not directly related to the production of ketones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down glycogen into glucose.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Glucogenesis (choice
A) is not a term used in biochemistry. Glyconeogenesis (choice
C) refers to the synthesis of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate sources, not the breakdown of glycogen. Gluconeogenesis (choice
D) is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not the breakdown of glycogen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in the liver. It is a process where glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol. The liver is the primary site for gluconeogenesis due to the presence of key enzymes and substrates required for this process. Muscles do not play a significant role in gluconeogenesis, making choice A incorrect. The pancreas is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon but is not the primary site for gluconeogenesis, so choice B is incorrect. The spleen is not a major organ involved in glucose metabolism, making choice D incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein synthesis. This process involves the formation of proteins from amino acids to support various body functions. Gluconeogenesis (choice
A) is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not protein synthesis. Deamination (choice
B) is the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, not the synthesis of proteins. Transamination (choice
D) is the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another, not the direct synthesis of proteins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, providing fuel for daily activities. Fats are also a significant energy source, especially during times of prolonged or intense exercise. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a major energy source. Vitamins and minerals are essential for various bodily functions but do not serve as direct sources of energy.