ATI LPN
Pediatric Gi Disorders Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Following acute bronchiolitis, which virus is associated with the long-term complication of bronchiolitis obliterans?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare, chronic obstructive lung disease following severe lower respiratory infection. Adenovirus (
Choice
A) is the virus most commonly associated with this complication, particularly after severe bronchiolitis in young children, due to its propensity for persistent airway injury. Human metapneumovirus (
Choice
B), influenza (
Choice
C), and parainfluenza (
Choice
D) can cause bronchiolitis but are less frequently linked to bronchiolitis obliterans. Adenovirus’s strong association makes it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
What is the most likely diagnosis for this infant?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 5-day-old with severe heart failure, poor pulses, gallop rhythm, click, and ejection systolic murmur suggests critical aortic stenosis (
Choice
D). This congenital narrowing obstructs left ventricular outflow, causing heart failure and diminished pulses early in life. Arteriovenous malformation (
Choice
A) doesn’t cause this cardiac picture. Atrioventricular septal defect (
Choice
B) presents later with shunts. Coarctation (
Choice
C) affects lower pulses more. Critical aortic stenosis fits the acute onset and findings.
Question 3 of 5
A male child lives in a shelter. He has atopic dermatitis. Most serious viral infection in atopic dermatitis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HSV causes eczema herpeticum, a severe complication in atopic dermatitis due to impaired skin barriers (AA
D). Other viruses (A-
D) are less critical in this context.
Question 4 of 5
Inhaled glucocorticoid therapy can cause dysphonia in patients with asthma. The cause of dysphonia is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vocal cord myopathy from inhaled glucocorticoids causes dysphonia via local steroid effects on laryngeal muscles (ATS). Fungal infection causes thrush, and C-E are unrelated.
Question 5 of 5
In hypernatremic dehydration, a rapid correction results in seizures due to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiogenic osmoles in brain cells, formed during hypernatremia, draw water in during rapid correction, causing edema and seizures (Up
ToDate). B-E are incorrect.