ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has a new prescription for nitroglycerin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Instructing the client to take nitroglycerin at the first sign of chest pain is crucial for immediate relief of angina symptoms. Nitroglycerin is a fast-acting medication that helps dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart muscle.
Therefore, prompt administration at the onset of chest pain is essential to alleviate anginal episodes effectively.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because storing the medication properly, taking it as directed, or before meals are not specific instructions for managing acute anginal episodes, which require immediate action for symptom relief.
Question 2 of 5
A client has a new prescription for albuterol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shaking the inhaler well before use is crucial as it helps ensure proper mixing of the medication, which is essential for effective delivery of the drug to the lungs. This step is important for optimal therapeutic effects of albuterol inhalation.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Using the inhaler every 4 hours around the clock without specifying a maximum number of doses can lead to overuse. Rinsing the mouth with water after each use is typically advised for inhaled corticosteroids to reduce the risk of oral thrush, not for albuterol. Using the inhaler while lying down is not recommended as it may lead to improper medication delivery to the lungs.
Question 3 of 5
A client is receiving heparin therapy. Which of the following laboratory tests should be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is the most appropriate laboratory test to monitor the effectiveness of heparin therapy. Heparin works on the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, and monitoring aPTT helps assess its anticoagulant effect. Therapeutic levels of aPTT for clients on heparin therapy are typically 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value. Prothrombin time (PT) and International normalized ratio (INR) are used to monitor warfarin therapy, which acts on the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Complete blood count (CB
C) is not specific for monitoring the effectiveness of heparin therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A healthcare professional is reviewing laboratory results for a client with rheumatoid arthritis prescribed methotrexate. Which of the following laboratory results should the healthcare professional report to the provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A WBC count of 1,200/mm³ indicates leukopenia, a serious side effect of methotrexate that can lead to increased risk of infections. It is crucial to report this finding promptly to the provider for further evaluation and possible adjustments in the treatment plan.
Choices B, C, and D are within normal ranges and do not represent significant concerns related to methotrexate therapy in this context.
Question 5 of 5
A client has a new prescription for isoniazid. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to avoid drinking alcohol. Isoniazid can cause liver damage, and alcohol consumption can increase this risk.
Therefore, it is crucial to avoid alcohol while taking isoniazid to prevent potential liver complications.
Choice A is incorrect because isoniazid is typically taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.
Choice C is incorrect because antacids can decrease the absorption of isoniazid.
Choice D is incorrect as there is no specific recommendation to increase leafy green vegetable intake when taking isoniazid.