ATI LPN
Pediatric Cardiac Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which renal condition is most commonly associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is strongly associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPK
D) (
Choice
A), a ciliopathy causing renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis, often presenting together in childhood. Horseshoe kidney (
Choice
B) is a fusion anomaly unrelated to CHF. Multicystic dysplastic kidney (
Choice
C) is a unilateral developmental disorder, not linked to hepatic fibrosis. Nephronophthisis (
Choice
D) causes renal failure but lacks a consistent CHF association. ARPKD’s genetic and clinical overlap with CHF makes it the most common association.
Question 2 of 5
Which histological feature found on biopsy during colonoscopy would favour a diagnosis of Crohn disease over ulcerative colitis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases. Granulomata (
Choice
B) are non-caseating granulomas, specific to Crohn’s, reflecting transmural inflammation, unlike ulcerative colitis’s mucosal involvement. Crypt abscesses (
Choice
A) occur in both, less specific. Lymphocytic infiltrate (
Choice
C) is nonspecific. Paneth cells (
Choice
D) are normal or metaplastic, not diagnostic. Granulomata distinguish Crohn’s.
Question 3 of 5
The first sign noted in patients with abetalipoproteinemia is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abetalipoproteinemia, a rare lipid disorder, first presents with loss of deep tendon reflexes due to vitamin E deficiency affecting nerves (NOR
D). Vision loss follows later, and C-E are not early signs.
Question 4 of 5
Most common organism causing cervicitis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. trachomatis is the top cause of cervicitis in adolescents, per CDC, due to sexual transmission. HSV and others (B, D, E) are less common.
Question 5 of 5
Most common cause of hypernatremia in hospitalized patients is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iatrogenic causes , like excessive saline, are the top source of hypernatremia in hospitalized kids (AAP). B-E are rarer.