ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous dose of potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. The nurse should monitor for which potential complication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When administering potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia, the nurse should monitor for hyperkalemia. Potassium chloride supplementation aims to increase potassium levels in individuals with hypokalemia. However, excessive administration can lead to hyperkalemia, which can be a serious and potentially life-threatening complication. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent this adverse outcome. Hypokalemia (
Choice
B) is the condition being treated, so it is not a complication of treatment. Hypernatremia (
Choice
C) refers to high sodium levels and is not directly related to the administration of potassium chloride. Hypercalcemia (
Choice
D) is an elevated calcium level and is not a common complication associated with potassium chloride administration in hypokalemia.
Question 2 of 5
What preoperative instruction should the LPN/LVN reinforce to a client scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct preoperative instruction that the LPN/LVN should reinforce to a client scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy is being NPO after midnight before the surgery. This instruction is essential to prevent aspiration and ensure a safe procedure. Avoiding oral intake helps reduce the risk of complications during anesthesia induction and the surgical process.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding deep breathing and coughing, resuming normal eating and drinking, and taking all prescribed medications the morning of surgery are not recommended preoperative instructions for a carotid endarterectomy.
Question 3 of 5
A client with heart failure is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. What instruction should the nurse reinforce to the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors and should be reported to the healthcare provider. This symptom can indicate a potential issue with the medication that may require adjustment or discontinuation.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking the medication at bedtime or with meals is not a specific instruction for ACE inhibitors. Increasing potassium-rich foods in the diet is not directly related to ACE inhibitor therapy and may not be suitable for all patients.
Question 4 of 5
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Which diagnostic test is most likely to be ordered to confirm this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the primary diagnostic tool used to confirm a myocardial infarction. An ECG provides immediate information on cardiac function and can show characteristic changes indicative of a myocardial infarction, such as ST-segment elevation or depression. An echocardiogram (
Choice
A) is useful for assessing heart structure and function but is not typically used as the primary test for confirming an acute myocardial infarction. Chest X-ray (
Choice
C) may show certain changes in heart size or pulmonary congestion but is not the primary diagnostic test for MI. A Complete Blood Count (CB
C) (
Choice
D) provides information about the cellular components of blood and is not specific to confirming a myocardial infarction.
Question 5 of 5
A client has a new prescription for propranolol. Which of the following instructions should be included?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor heart rate daily. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that can lower heart rate and blood pressure, so it is essential to monitor heart rate regularly to detect any signs of bradycardia, a potential side effect of the medication.
Choice A is incorrect because propranolol can be taken with or without food.
Choice C is incorrect as increasing potassium-rich foods is not specifically required with propranolol.
Choice D is also incorrect as there is no need to avoid consuming dairy products with propranolol.