ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the maximum duration of time the nurse allows an IV bag of solution to infuse in to a patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: IV solutions hang for a maximum of 24 hours to reduce infection risk, as per CDC and INS guidelines. Beyond this, bacterial growth in fluid increases, especially in nutrient-rich solutions. Nurses change bags daily, even if unfinished, ensuring sterility and patient safety. Shorter times (6-18 hours) may apply to specific drugs, but 24 hours is the standard limit for general infusions, balancing practicality and risk.
Question 2 of 5
Which findings are typical of end-stage renal disease? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: End-stage renal disease (ESR
D) is characterized by the kidneys' inability to filter waste and maintain homeostasis, leading to specific clinical findings. Iron-deficient anemia (
A) occurs due to reduced erythropoietin production by failing kidneys, impairing red blood cell synthesis. Decreased creatinine clearance (
C) is a hallmark of ESRD, reflecting the kidneys' diminished filtration capacity, causing creatinine to accumulate in the blood. Metabolic acidosis (
D) results from the kidneys' failure to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, lowering blood pH. Increased albumin levels (
B) are incorrect because ESRD often leads to hypoalbuminemia due to proteinuria and malnutrition, not increased levels. Increased serum calcium (E) and respiratory alkalosis (F) are not typical; instead, hypocalcemia and compensatory respiratory changes might occur but aren't primary findings. The question asks for typical findings, and while A, C, and D apply, the CSV format requires a single correct answer, so C is selected as a key indicator due to its direct tie to renal filtration failure, a core feature of ESRD.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following statement, if made by the nurse, is considered not therapeutic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It must be awful (
B) isn't therapeutic; it assumes the client's feelings, projecting the nurse's view, per Rogers. Asking past coping (
A), feelings (
C), or triggers (
D) invites exploration, fostering trust. B risks shutting down dialogue by implying judgment, not empathy, making it non-therapeutic and the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-year-old is immobilized in a hip spica cast. Which discharge instruction should be given to the parents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Avoiding turns for 24 hours post-spica cast prevents disruption flat bed aids stability, crayons distract, and calorie boosts aren't needed. Nurses teach this, ensuring cast integrity, vital for hip healing in kids.
Question 5 of 5
For a client with an indwelling catheter, the nurse should obtain a sterile urine specimen by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using a needle to withdraw urine from the catheter port maintains the closed system's sterility, collecting a fresh, uncontaminated sample for testing (e.g., culture). Disconnecting the catheter risks introducing bacteria, breaking asepsis and increasing infection odds. A urinometer measures volume, not a specimen source irrelevant here. Opening the drainage bag yields old, potentially contaminated urine, unfit for sterile analysis. The port method, with sterile syringe and technique, aligns with infection control guidelines (e.g., CD
C), ensuring diagnostic accuracy and patient safety, making it the standard nursing practice for this task.