ATI Proctored Community Health - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunken fontanelle. Dehydration in infants can cause the fontanelle, the soft spot on the baby's head, to appear sunken. This is due to decreased fluid levels in the body. Sunken fontanelle is a common and easily identifiable sign of dehydration in infants. The other choices are incorrect because frequent urination is not typically associated with dehydration in infants, excessive drooling can be a normal part of teething, and increased appetite is not a specific sign of dehydration in infants.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C:
To provide immunizations to all children. The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure that all children receive essential vaccinations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This program focuses on increasing vaccination coverage and reaching all children, especially those in underserved populations. Providing immunizations to all children helps in reducing the spread of infectious diseases and contributes to overall public health.

Incorrect choices:
A:
To eliminate non-communicable diseases - This is not the primary aim of EPI. EPI primarily focuses on preventing communicable diseases through vaccinations.
B:
To increase hospital bed capacity - This is not the primary goal of EPI. Increasing hospital bed capacity is related to healthcare infrastructure, not vaccination programs.
D:
To train more healthcare workers - While training healthcare workers is important for delivering immunizations, it is not the primary aim of EPI. The main goal is to provide vaccinations to all children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving quality of life for individuals with existing health conditions. Physical rehabilitation programs fall under this category as they help individuals recover and regain functioning after an illness or injury. This intervention aims to prevent further complications and disabilities. Vaccination campaigns (
A) and health education seminars (
B) are examples of primary and secondary prevention, focusing on preventing diseases before they occur or detecting them early. Early disease screening (
D) is also a form of secondary prevention, aiming to detect diseases in their early stages before symptoms appear.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Physical inactivity. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases because regular exercise helps maintain a healthy heart and blood vessels. It reduces the risk of developing conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity, which are all linked to cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, choices A, C, and D are not major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Low cholesterol levels (
A) are usually considered beneficial for heart health, low blood pressure (
C) is generally a sign of good cardiovascular health, and while adequate sleep (
D) is important for overall well-being, it is not directly linked to cardiovascular diseases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding is 6 months. This is because breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for an infant's growth and development in the first 6 months of life. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of infections and allergies.
Choice A (3 months) is not ideal as it may not provide sufficient nutrients for the baby's growth.

Choices C (9 months) and D (12 months) exceed the recommended duration and may not be necessary for exclusive breastfeeding, as other foods can be introduced after 6 months.