ATI LPN
Pediatric Gi Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the most likely underlying condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A newborn with respiratory distress, bilateral pleural effusions, dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, rotated ears, nuchal skin), and later juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) suggests Noonan syndrome (
Choice
C). This RASopathy is associated with congenital heart defects, lymphatic anomalies (causing effusions), and a predisposition to JMML. Cockayne syndrome (
Choice
A) involves growth failure and photosensitivity, not JMML. Fanconi anaemia (
Choice
B) causes marrow failure and malformations but not this lymphatic picture. Omenn syndrome (
Choice
D) is an immunodeficiency, not matching these features. Noonan syndrome aligns with the presentation.
Question 2 of 5
Which respiratory parameter determines the maximal volume of air that can be inhaled above the tidal volume?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inspiratory reserve capacity is the maximal volume inhaled above tidal volume during deep inspiration, a key lung volume parameter. Anatomic dead space (
Choice
A) is non-respiratory air. Expiratory reserve capacity (
Choice
B) is exhaled below tidal volume. FEV1 (
Choice
C) measures obstruction, not volume. Forced vital capacity (
Choice
D) is total exhaled volume. Inspiratory reserve capacity is correct.
Question 3 of 5
The following statement is not true about urine culture:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Choice A is false; significant colony count for catheterized specimens is ≥50,000 CFU/mL, not 1,000 (IDS
A).
Choices B-E are true per standard guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
Most common side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids are oral thrush and dysphonia. The cause of oral thrush formation is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Local immunosuppression from inhaled glucocorticoids allows Candida overgrowth, causing thrush (ATS). Other options (B-E) aren’t primary causes.
Question 5 of 5
During therapy for hypernatremic dehydration, the goal is to decrease the serum sodium by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium should drop by less than 12 mEq/L/day to avoid cerebral edema, per guidelines (AAP). Faster or slower (C-E) rates are suboptimal.