Which component of protein contains nitrogen?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino groups are functional groups found in amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. These groups contain nitrogen and are essential for the structure and function of proteins. The carboxyl group (choice B) contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, while the peptide bond (choice C) is a covalent bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain. The side chain (choice D) refers to the unique chemical structure attached to the central carbon of an amino acid and varies among different amino acids, but it does not specifically contain nitrogen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: water. Water is the main component of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and maintaining cell structure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while potassium, sodium, and calcium are essential electrolytes found in the body, they are not the main constituents of these fluids as water is.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catabolism. Catabolism involves the breakdown of body proteins into amino acids to be used as energy when there is an inadequate dietary intake. Choices A and B, deamination and transamination, involve the removal and transfer of amino groups, respectively, but not the breakdown of body proteins. Choice C, transcription, is a process in genetics where DNA is used to create mRNA, not related to breaking down body proteins.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of nursing and nutrition, understanding the concept of complete proteins is crucial for providing adequate care to patients. A complete protein contains all nine essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own. In this case, the correct answer is D) Eggs. Eggs are considered a complete protein source as they contain all essential amino acids in the right proportions, making them highly beneficial for tissue repair, immune function, and overall health. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Cereal grains: While cereal grains are a good source of carbohydrates and some essential nutrients, they are not a complete protein source as they lack certain amino acids. B) Beans: Beans are a nutritious food choice and a good source of plant-based protein, but they are not considered a complete protein as they are deficient in some essential amino acids. C) Nuts: Nuts are rich in healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals, but they do not provide all essential amino acids needed to qualify as a complete protein source. Educationally, it is important for nursing professionals to be well-versed in nutrition concepts to assess, educate, and support patients in making healthy dietary choices. Understanding the difference between complete and incomplete protein sources can help nurses guide patients in creating balanced meal plans that meet their nutritional needs. This knowledge is essential for promoting positive health outcomes and preventing malnutrition in patients under their care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, providing fuel for daily activities. Fats are also a significant energy source, especially during times of prolonged or intense exercise. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a major energy source. Vitamins and minerals are essential for various bodily functions but do not serve as direct sources of energy.