ATI LPN
Cardiovascular System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Your patient with a recently placed prosthetic aortic valve is about to undergo dental extraction. She reports anaphylaxis to amoxicillin. Which of the following should be offered:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clindamycin 600 mg x 1 prior to procedure is appropriate for patients allergic to penicillin.
Question 2 of 5
72-y female with a 40-pack year smoking history presents to the hospital with a 4-week history of hemoptysis and progressive dyspnea. She reports lower extremity weakness while climbing stairs. Vital signs are notable for HR 104 bpm and pulse oximetry 91% on room air. Physical exam identifies symmetric proximal muscle weakness in both upper and lower extremities. Lungs are clear. CT chest shows a 4 cm right hilar mass with bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with paraneoplastic syndromes like Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (proximal weakness) and is common in heavy smokers. The hilar mass and rapid symptom onset align with SCLC's aggressive nature.
Question 3 of 5
After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The backward effects of right-sided heart failure are due to congestion in the systemic venous system and lead to lower extremity edema. Arterial obstruction is not associated with dependent edema of the lower extremities. Left-sided heart failure is associated with pulmonary symptoms. Edema may be associated with peripheral vascular disease, but dependent edema over a 1-hour period is related to right-sided heart failure.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has a history of heart failure. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates they may be experiencing heart failure exacerbation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight gain of 6 lbs in a week (A) and orthopnea (B) are signs of heart failure exacerbation due to fluid retention and pulmonary congestion. Lack of swelling (C) does not indicate exacerbation.
Question 5 of 5
Propranolol(Inderal) is prescribed for a patient diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse should consult with the health care provider before giving this drug when the patient reveals a history of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonselective β-blockers block β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and can cause bronchospasm, especially in patients with a history of asthma. β-Blockers will have no effect on the patient's peptic ulcer disease or alcohol use. β-Blocker therapy is recommended after MI.