Your patient became ill 10 days ago with a viral disease. Laboratory examination reveals that the patient's antibodies against this virus have a high ratio of IgM to IgG. What is your conclusion?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The high ratio of IgM to IgG antibodies indicates an acute infection, as IgM is produced initially and declines over time while IgG increases for long-term immunity. Choice A is correct because a high IgM to IgG ratio suggests a recent encounter with the virus, making it unlikely the patient has been previously exposed. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific antibody response pattern seen in acute viral infections.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because both antibody and receptor molecules have a specific shape that is essential for their specific functions. Antibodies bind to specific antigens, while receptors bind to specific ligands to initiate cellular responses. This specificity is crucial for their roles in the immune system and cell signaling pathways. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because antibodies and receptors do not control transport through the cell membrane, remove wastes from the body, or speed up chemical reactions in cells. These functions are carried out by other molecules with different structures and mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unilateral, localized, nodular skin lesions. Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which initially causes chickenpox. This reactivation typically results in a painful rash with unilateral, localized, nodular skin lesions following a specific dermatome pattern. The rash consists of fluid-filled vesicles that eventually crust over. This presentation is distinct from genital herpes (Choice A), which manifests as vesicular rash in the genital region due to herpes simplex virus. Widespread red macules (Choice C) and small, painless ulcers (Choice D) are not characteristic of herpes zoster.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because installing an electrostatic filter in the furnace can effectively reduce dust particles circulating in the home environment. Electrostatic filters are designed to capture smaller particles like dust, pollen, and pet dander, thus reducing allergen exposure. Incorrect choices: A: Installing curtains does not address the root cause of dust allergens and may even accumulate more dust than other alternatives. C: Vacuuming once a month is not sufficient to control dust allergens, as regular and thorough cleaning is necessary. D: Using feather pillows may exacerbate dust allergies as they can trap dust mites.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heat paraffin therapy applied to the client's hands. Heat therapy helps to improve blood circulation, reduce joint stiffness, and alleviate pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis exacerbation. Elevated ESR indicates acute inflammation, making heat therapy beneficial in this scenario. Assistive devices are not typically needed for rheumatoid arthritis unless there is severe loss of range of motion. Cold packs are more suitable for acute injuries with swelling, not for chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Surgical joint replacement is considered for severe cases of joint damage, not for acute exacerbations.