You have a patient with a strong family history of breast cancer. As a matter of the patient's request, you perform a BRCA genetic test to see if there is an increased risk for breast cancer. The patient's employer is requesting a copy of any genetic testing that may have been done. What should you do?

You have a patient with a strong family history of breast cancer. As a matter of the patient's request, you perform a BRCA genetic test to see if there is an increased risk for breast cancer. The patient's employer is requesting a copy of any genetic testing that may have been done. What should you do?

Mr. Dorone is a 22-year-old man who sustained a subdural hematoma and a brain contusion in a motor vehicle accident. He needs blood in order to have the necessary lifesaving surgery done. His parents refuse to allow the transfusion based on their religious beliefs. What should be done?

A 79-year-old man comes to see you for assistance in ending his life. The patient is fully competent and has been suffering from progressively worsening amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for several years. He is not immediately preterminal. Despite this, he finds his quality of life to be unacceptable. More important, he correctly predicts that his level of function will deteriorate over the next several months and that he may become ventilator dependent. He is requesting that you administer a lethal injection in his home. He is not depressed. His family is aware of his desire and they are willing to honor the patient's wishes. You have discussed appropriate palliative care issues. What should you tell him?

A 4-year-old with an obviously broken forearm is brought to the emergency department by her baby-sitter. Both the baby-sitter and emergency room staff have attempted to reach her parents without success. Can you treat this child without parental permission?

A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department following a serious motor vehicle collision on a California interstate highway. Despite all attempts to save him, his condition does not improve. The physician caring for him believes that he is brain dead. On examination, the patient's temperature is $36.7 \mathrm{C}(98 \mathrm{~F})$ and blood pressure is $104 / 60 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$. He is on mechanical ventilation. Neurologic examination is consistent with brain death. Laboratory and imaging studies are not suggestive of a reversible cause. Apnea testing shows no spontaneous breathing. In accordance with local regulations, a second physician confirms the diagnosis of brain death. The patient's family understands the prognosis. Unfortunately, the patient does not have an advanced directive or durable medical power of attorney. Which of the following steps is legally necessary to remove this patient from the ventilator?