You arrive at a residence shortly after a 4-year-old boy experienced an apparent febrile seizure. The child is alert and crying. His skin is flushed, hot, and moist. His mother tells you that the seizure lasted about 2 minutes. You should:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: After a febrile seizure, the recommended course of action is to provide supportive care and transport the child to a medical facility. Supportive care may include ensuring a safe environment, monitoring the child, and seeking medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause of the seizure and appropriate management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding pediatric anatomy is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children. The correct answer is B) The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to an adult. This statement is correct because infants and young children have proportionately larger heads compared to their body size, with the occiput being prominent. This anatomical feature is important to consider when positioning and assessing infants and young children. Option A) The child's trachea is more rigid and less prone to collapse is incorrect. In reality, a child's trachea is softer and more flexible, making them more susceptible to collapse, especially in cases of respiratory distress. Option C) Airway obstruction is common in children due to their large uvula is incorrect. Airway obstruction in children is more commonly associated with factors such as swollen tonsils, adenoids, or foreign body aspiration rather than the size of the uvula. Option D) Relative to the overall size of the airway, a child's epiglottis is smaller is incorrect. In children, the epiglottis is relatively larger compared to the size of the airway, serving to protect the delicate structures of the lower respiratory tract during swallowing. Understanding pediatric anatomy is essential for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care, anticipate potential issues, and intervene effectively in pediatric emergencies. By knowing these anatomical differences, nurses can better assess, plan, and implement care for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, assessing the extent of burns is crucial for determining the severity of injury and guiding treatment. In this case, a 5-year-old child with partial-thickness burns to the head, anterior chest, and both upper extremities would have approximately 45% of the total body surface area burned. This calculation is based on the Rule of Nines, a method used to estimate the extent of burns in adults and children. The head comprises about 18% of the total body surface area in a child, each upper extremity accounts for 9% each, and the anterior chest area represents 18%. Adding these percentages together (18% + 9% + 9% + 9% = 45%) gives us the total percentage of body surface area burned in this scenario. Regarding the other options: - Option B (63%) is incorrect as it overestimates the percentage burned by including additional areas not affected by the burns in the scenario. - Option C (72%) is also incorrect as it further overestimates the percentage burned and includes areas that were not affected. - Option D (54%) is incorrect as it fails to account for the specific areas mentioned in the scenario and miscalculates the total body surface area burned. Understanding the Rule of Nines and applying it correctly is essential for nurses caring for pediatric burn patients as it helps in determining the severity of burns, guiding fluid resuscitation, and planning wound care. This knowledge is crucial in providing optimal care and ensuring positive outcomes for pediatric patients with burn injuries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gastric distention in infants and children can lead to a decrease in ventilatory volume. This occurs because the distended stomach can limit the movement of the diaphragm, reducing its ability to contract and expand the chest cavity effectively. As a result, the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs is decreased, impacting ventilation. Tracheal rupture, acute rupture of the diaphragm, and less effective chest compressions are not typically associated with gastric distention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Given the mechanism of injury and the distance the child was thrown, a primary pelvic injury should be suspected due to the high impact and force. The pelvis is a common site for significant injury in such cases, and the distance the child was thrown indicates a high-energy impact that could lead to pelvic fractures or injuries.