ATI LPN
ATI Quiz Medical Surgical Endocrine Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are to administer an Amlodipine to your patient. As a nurse you understand that the main effect of a calcium channel blocker is to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, dilates arteries, reducing systemic vascular resistance and lowering BP.
Question 2 of 5
A 29-year-old woman has had a fever and sore throat for the past 3 days. On physical examination, her temperature is 38°C. The pharynx is erythematous, with yellowish tonsillar exudate. She is treated with ampicillin and recovers fully in 7 days. Two weeks later, she develops fever and a rash, and notices a slight decrease in urinary output. Her temperature is 37.7°C, and there is a diffuse erythematous rash on the trunk and extremities. Urinalysis shows a pH of 6; specific gravity, 1022; 1+ proteinuria; 1+ hematuria; and no glucose or ketones. Microscopic examination of the urine shows RBCs and WBCs, including eosinophils, but no casts or crystals. What is the most likely cause of her disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis can be caused by ampicillin. This is an immunologic reaction, probably caused by a drug acting as a hapten. Pharyngitis with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis with deposition of immune complexes is unlikely to be accompanied by a rash or by eosinophils in the urine. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies occur in Goodpasture syndrome, with hemorrhages in lungs as well. Acute pyelonephritis is an ascending infection; it is uncommonly caused by hematogenous spread of bacteria from other sites.
Question 3 of 5
A 50-year-old man has had a nonhealing ulcer on the bottom of his foot for 2 months. On examination, the 2-cm ulcer overlies the right first metatarsal head. There is reduced sensation to pinprick in his feet. His visual acuity is reduced bilaterally. Laboratory studies show serum creatinine is 2.9 mg/dL. Which of the following laboratory test findings is he most likely to have?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Complications of diabetes mellitus are described in this man: vascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Hyperglycemia exceeds the capacity of renal tubular reabsorption, so glucose appears in the urine. The other listed findings involve organs that are not typically involved in diabetes mellitus: liver disease with decreased albumin synthesis, hyperaldosteronemia with hypokalemia, decreased marrow function with leukopenia, exocrine pancreatic disease with steatorrhea.
Question 4 of 5
A 37-year-old woman states that, although most of the time she feels fine, she has had episodes of palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, diaphoresis, and headache over the past 3 months. When her symptoms are worse, her blood pressure is measured in the range of 155/90 mm Hg. She collapses suddenly one day and is brought to the hospital, where her ventricular fibrillation is converted successfully to sinus rhythm. On physical examination, there are no remarkable findings. Which of the following laboratory findings is most likely to be reported in this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These findings suggest a pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla. This is a rare neoplasm, but in cases of episodic hypertension, this diagnosis should be considered. Screening for urinary free catecholamines, metanephrine, and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) can help to determine the diagnosis.
Question 5 of 5
At the skeletal muscle sarcomere, Ca2+ ions do each of the following, except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ca2+ binds troponin, exposes actin sites, is stored in SR; ATP hydrolysis is by myosin ATPase, not Ca2+.