ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are the nurse in charge on a pediatric unit. A child with sickle cell disease, in splenic sequestration crisis, is being admitted. You should assign this child to a
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Private room Rationale: 1. In splenic sequestration crisis, there is a risk of sudden severe anemia and hypovolemic shock. 2. Isolation is not necessary as it's not a contagious condition. 3. A private room allows close monitoring, privacy, and individualized care. 4. A semiprivate room (A) may lead to exposure to infections. 5. Reverse-isolation (B) is for immunocompromised patients. 6. Contact-isolation (C) is for contagious diseases, not applicable here.
Question 2 of 5
A child diagnosed with cancer is prescribed chemotherapy. The latest lab value indicates the white-blood-cell count is very low. Which medication order does the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Filgrastim (Neupogen). The child's low white-blood-cell count due to chemotherapy increases the risk of infection. Filgrastim is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of white blood cells, reducing the risk of infection. Ondansetron (B) is an antiemetic for nausea/vomiting, not related to low WBC count. Oprelvekin (C) is an interleukin-11 used for thrombocytopenia, not for low WBC count. Epoetin alfa (D) is used for anemia, not low WBC count.
Question 3 of 5
What is the most common form of childhood cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Leukemia. Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer, accounting for around 30% of all childhood cancers. It affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to abnormal production of white blood cells. Lymphoma (A) and brain tumors (B) are also common childhood cancers but not as prevalent as leukemia. Osteosarcoma (D) is a type of bone cancer that is rare in children compared to leukemia. Thus, based on the prevalence and incidence rates, leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer.
Question 4 of 5
A child with acute glomerulonephritis is in the playroom and experiences blurred vision and headache. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obtain a blood pressure on the child; notify the physician. Rationale: 1. Blurred vision and headache in a child with acute glomerulonephritis may indicate hypertension, a serious complication. 2. Obtaining a blood pressure reading is crucial to assess for hypertension, a common manifestation in glomerulonephritis. 3. Notify the physician immediately for further evaluation and management of the elevated blood pressure to prevent complications like hypertensive encephalopathy or seizures. Summary of other choices: A: Checking urine for increased hematuria is important but not the priority when the child is exhibiting symptoms of hypertension. C: Reassuring the child and encouraging bed rest does not address the potential serious complication of hypertension. D: Although obtaining serum electrolytes and sending a urinalysis are important in managing glomerulonephritis, addressing the acute symptoms of blurred vision and headache takes precedence.
Question 5 of 5
A child, in renal failure, has hyperkalemia. The nurse plans to instruct that the child should avoid the following foods:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because carrots and green, leafy vegetables are high in potassium, which can exacerbate hyperkalemia in a child with renal failure. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables should be avoided to help manage potassium levels. Summary of other choices: B: Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods are high in sodium and phosphorus, not potassium. C: Spaghetti and meat sauce, breadsticks are moderate in potassium and can be included in the diet in moderation. D: Hamburger on a bun, cherry gelatin are lower in potassium compared to carrots and green, leafy vegetables.