ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Without SA node input, what would the heart rate be?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The intrinsic rate of the AV node is about 40-60 bpm, but without any nodal input, the heart's autorhythmic cells could still generate a rhythm around 50 bpm.
Question 2 of 5
A 56-year-old male smoker has been coughing up thick yellow green material for about the last three years, on and off, but more frequently for at least half of the year. Physical examination reveals some ronchi, but no crackles. His fingernail beds are slightly blue, and a pulse oximeter reveals an oxygen saturation of 88%. He does not report having difficulty breathing. Of the following, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis, common in smokers, is defined by chronic productive cough for ≥3 months over 2 years, with hypoxia (88% saturation) and rhonchi from mucus.
Question 3 of 5
When teaching how lisinopril helps lower the patient's blood pressure, which mechanism of action would the nurse explain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which reduces angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction and sodium and water retention.
Question 4 of 5
The most important purpose of the valves in the heart is to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow and maintaining circulation efficiency.
Question 5 of 5
What lab result requires immediate intervention in a patient with heart failure prescribed furosemide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide can cause significant potassium loss, and levels below 3.5 mEq/L increase the risk of cardiac dysrhythmias.