ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Within a 2- 3 day time period, multiple patients from an ECF are seen in your ER with severe N/V and non-bloody diarrhea. Temperature elevations are minimal, if any. What is the most likely explanation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Norovirus is the most likely cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis with these symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
20-y nonsmoking female presents with persistent complaints of dyspnea, wheeze, and cough productive of yellow sputum. She was treated with a course of tapering steroids, levofloxacin, bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids which provided some relief. She has been treated repeatedly for similar symptoms over the course of two years. VS stable. Physical exam identifies diminished breath sounds with localized wheeze at the right lung base. Available chest x-rays show persistent right lower lobe infiltrate over the last 8 months. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A persistent infiltrate with localized wheeze in a young nonsmoker suggests an endobronchial obstruction, commonly a bronchial carcinoid tumor. These tumors can cause recurrent symptoms and partial response to therapy due to airway obstruction.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate treatment. It is associated with left ventricular failure that severely impairs gas exchange, and produces dramatic signs and symptoms including anxiety, severe dyspnea, an upright posture to breathe effectively, and pink frothy sputum. Right-sided heart failure produces systemic venous congestion. Cardiomyopathy is not associated with bubbly crackles and pink frothy sputum. A medication reaction is not the reason for the patient to exhibit severe dyspnea, anxiety, bubbly crackles, and frothy sputum.
Question 4 of 5
Patients with heart failure can experience episodes of exacerbation. Which of the following patients are at MOST risk for heart failure exacerbation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Non-compliance with medication like Amiodarone (B) and atrial fibrillation increase heart failure exacerbation risk due to irregular heart workload. The others have lower immediate risk.
Question 5 of 5
A 62-yr-old patient who has no history of hypertension or other health problems suddenly develops a blood pressure(BP) of 198/110 mm Hg. After reconfirming the BP, it is appropriate for the nurse to tell the patient that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A sudden increase in BP in a patient older than age 50 years with no hypertension history or risk factors indicates that the hypertension may be secondary to some other problem. The BP will need treatment and ongoing monitoring. If the patient has no other risk factors, a stroke in the immediate future is unlikely. There is no indication that dietary salt or fat intake have contributed to this sudden increase in BP. Reducing intake of salt and fat alone will not be adequate to reduce this BP to an acceptable level.