With the assistance of a sign language interpreter, the clinic nurse is interviewing a deaf client to complete the flu risk health history. The client is coughing and febrile. Which questions are necessary to assess for flu risk? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To assess flu risk in a coughing, febrile deaf client, the nurse needs the vaccination history, symptom duration, and exposure details. Vaccination history reveals immunity status unvaccinated clients face higher risk, critical with current symptoms. Symptom duration indicates illness progression, helping gauge severity or complications. Known exposure pinpoints infection likelihood, especially in flu season. Deafness duration is irrelevant it's a communication factor, not a flu risk. Causative factors of deafness don't affect flu susceptibility. The nurse, via the interpreter, focuses on these questions to build a risk profile, tailoring care (e.g., antivirals) to the client's presentation and history, ensuring effective management despite communication barriers, aligning with comprehensive health assessment principles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Asthma (B) does not cause compressive atelectasis; it leads to resorption atelectasis via mucus plugs obstructing airways, trapping gas that's resorbed, collapsing alveoli. Compressive atelectasis results from external pressure on lung tissue. Pneumothorax (A) compresses lung via air in the pleural cavity. Congestive cardiac failure (C) causes fluid buildup (e.g., pleural effusion or pulmonary edema), compressing alveoli. Pleural effusion (D) collapses lung via fluid pressure. Peritonitis (original E) elevates the diaphragm, compressing lungs. Page 714 notes compression atelectasis shifts mediastinum away from the affected lung, unlike resorption's shift toward it. Asthma's mechanism bronchial obstruction differs from the external compression of A, C, D, relying on mucus rather than pleural or parenchymal pressure, making B the exception.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased mucosal gland depth (Reid index) (D) is a major morphological change in chronic bronchitis'. Choice A (lymphocyte infiltration) is true but less dominant. Choice B is false; goblet cells increase, especially in small airways. Choice C (smooth muscle hypertrophy) is asthma-related. Choice E (normal Reid index 0.4) is incorrect; it rises in disease. Page 722 emphasizes D's gland hyperplasia measured as gland-to-wall thickness ratio as the primary structural shift from chronic irritation, driving mucus production, unlike B's decrease or C's misplacement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bronchiectasis is sometimes caused by influenza infection (B), among pathogens like adenovirus or Staph aureus. Choice A is false; obstruction and infection together drive it, not infection alone. Choice C is incorrect; it's a feature of IBD (e.g., ulcerative colitis). Choice D is wrong; sputum is purulent, not clear. Choice E (CF from obstruction/infection) is true. Page 727 notes B's role post-influenza necrosis dilates airways, a known trigger, distinguishing it over A's sole etiology or D's sputum error.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Skin lesions occur in one-third to one-half of sarcoidosis patients (B), resembling SLE (Page 738-739). Choice A is false; spleen is affected microscopically in 75%, enlarged in 20%. Choice C is incorrect; muscle involvement is common but asymptomatic. Choice D is wrong; isolated hilar lymphadenopathy has a good prognosis. Choice E (65% recover) is true. Page 739 confirms B's frequency cutaneous involvement is significant, unlike A's rarity or C's symptom claim.