ATI LPN
ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Why is a low-protein diet recommended for a patient with renal failure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To reduce nitrogenous waste. In renal failure, the kidneys cannot effectively filter waste products like urea and creatinine, leading to their accumulation in the blood. A low-protein diet reduces the production of these nitrogenous wastes, lessening the burden on the kidneys. A low-protein diet does not directly prevent fluid overload (A), maintain electrolyte balance (C), or prevent hyperglycemia (D) in renal failure. These functions are typically managed through other dietary modifications and treatments specific to each condition.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) is prescribed a statin medication. What should the nurse include in the patient education?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Statins can cause muscle pain or weakness as a side effect. Step 2: Prompt reporting of muscle pain or weakness is crucial to address potential myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. Step 3: Nurse should educate patient to report any muscle symptoms promptly for timely intervention and prevention of complications. Summary: Option B is correct as it emphasizes the importance of monitoring and reporting potential side effects of statins. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as taking with food, increasing grapefruit juice intake, and avoiding potassium-rich foods are not relevant considerations for statin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with anemia is prescribed ferrous sulfate. What advice should the nurse give regarding the administration of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Take on an empty stomach for best absorption. Ferrous sulfate is best absorbed on an empty stomach to maximize its effectiveness. When taken with food or dairy products (Choice A), the absorption of iron is reduced. Vitamin C actually enhances the absorption of iron, so avoiding it (Choice C) is not recommended. Taking the medication before bedtime (Choice D) may lead to gastrointestinal side effects and is not optimal for absorption.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. What is the most important instruction the nurse should provide?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report any visual disturbances. This is important because digoxin can cause visual disturbances, such as blurred or yellow-tinted vision, which may indicate toxicity. By reporting these symptoms promptly, the nurse can prevent serious complications. A: Taking an extra dose if a dose is missed can lead to overdose and toxicity. B: Avoiding high-potassium foods is important for patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics, not digoxin. D: Stopping the medication if the pulse is normal is incorrect as it should be taken as prescribed for heart failure management.
Question 5 of 5
In a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving erythropoietin therapy, what laboratory result should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C, hemoglobin level. Erythropoietin therapy is used to stimulate red blood cell production in CKD patients with anemia. Monitoring hemoglobin levels helps assess the effectiveness of the therapy in improving anemia. If hemoglobin levels increase, it indicates the therapy is working. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Serum creatinine - This measures kidney function, not the effectiveness of erythropoietin therapy for anemia in CKD patients. B: White blood cell count - Monitors immune function, not related to erythropoietin therapy for anemia. D: Serum potassium - Important for monitoring electrolyte balance in CKD patients but not specific to assessing erythropoietin therapy effectiveness.