ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Why do older people have weaker immune systems?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because older people tend to have lower levels of plasma proteins, such as antibodies, which play a crucial role in immune function. This results in a weaker immune response to pathogens. Explanation: 1. Plasma proteins are essential for immune defense. 2. Aging leads to a decline in plasma protein levels. 3. Lower plasma protein levels weaken the immune system's ability to fight infections. Summary: B and C are incorrect because bone marrow and platelets are not directly related to immune system weakening in older individuals. D is incorrect as lymphocytes becoming more reactive would actually suggest a stronger immune response, not a weaker one.
Question 2 of 5
An 18-year-old client who is pregnant has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and asks the nurse if her baby is going to be born with HIV. Which response by the nurse is the best?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. By stating that the baby could contract HIV before, during, or after delivery, the nurse is providing accurate information about the potential transmission routes. This response also emphasizes the importance of interventions such as antiretroviral therapy and preventive measures to reduce the risk of transmission. Choice A is incorrect because it provides a specific statistic that may not apply to this individual case. Choice B is incorrect as it deflects the responsibility of providing information from the nurse to the healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because it downplays the significance of early interventions in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Question 3 of 5
A client who has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been admitted for the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse associate with this complication of AIDS?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Impaired skin integrity related to Kaposi sarcoma. Kaposi sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause skin lesions that may lead to impaired skin integrity. The nurse should prioritize this nursing diagnosis to prevent infection and promote healing. Choice A is incorrect as disuse syndrome is not directly related to Kaposi sarcoma. Choice C is incorrect as diarrhea is not a common manifestation of Kaposi sarcoma. Choice D is incorrect as impaired swallowing is not typically associated with Kaposi sarcoma.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing to teach a client with microcytic hypochromic anemia about the diet to follow after discharge. Which of the following foods should be included in the diet?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Eggs are high in iron, essential for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2. Iron is crucial for red blood cell production to improve anemia. 3. Eggs also provide protein and other nutrients needed for overall health. Summary: B, C, D are incorrect as they do not provide significant iron content required for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia. Lettuce, citrus fruits, and cheese may have other health benefits but are not specifically helpful for this type of anemia.
Question 5 of 5
A client receiving high-dose chemotherapy who has bone marrow suppression has been receiving daily injections of epoetin alfa (Procrit). Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that today's dose should be held and the health care provider notified?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A significant blood pressure change from $130 / 90 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ to $148 / 98 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ indicates a potential hypertensive crisis which could be a serious adverse effect of epoetin alfa. Holding the dose and notifying the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent further complications. A: A hematocrit of $28 \%$ is low but expected in bone marrow suppression and is not an immediate concern. B: A total white blood cell count of 6200 cells $/ \mathrm{mm} 3$ is within normal range and not a reason to hold the dose. D: A temperature change from $99^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ to $100 \mathrm{~F}$ is a mild elevation and not directly related to epoetin alfa administration.