ATI LPN
Assessment of Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Why do clients with COPD tend to be polycythemic?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because polycythemia is a compensatory mechanism in response to tissue hypoxia in clients with COPD. As the lungs are unable to efficiently oxygenate the blood due to the lung disease, the body produces more red blood cells to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and compensate for the decreased oxygen levels. Choices A and C are incorrect because they do not directly address the underlying cause of polycythemia in COPD. Choice B is incorrect as overactive bone marrow is not the primary reason for polycythemia in COPD.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the client, which of the following observations takes immediate priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, tachypnea and restlessness. This is the immediate priority because it indicates respiratory distress, a potentially life-threatening complication in a client with pneumonia and HIV. Tachypnea suggests inadequate oxygenation, while restlessness may indicate hypoxia. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent respiratory failure. Choice A, oral temperature, is important but not as urgent as addressing respiratory distress. Choice C, frequent loose stools, could be a concern but is not an immediate priority compared to respiratory distress. Choice D, weight loss, is relevant but does not require immediate intervention like tachypnea and restlessness.
Question 3 of 5
On admission to a medical unit, a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests positive for benzodiazepine. The client denies using this medication. Which medication is likely causing a false-positive result?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Efavirenz. Efavirenz is known to cause false-positive results in benzodiazepine testing due to its structural similarity to certain benzodiazepines. Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV. The other choices, Doravirine, Nevirapine, and Etravirine, are not associated with causing false-positive results in benzodiazepine testing. Therefore, the client's positive benzodiazepine result is likely due to the use of Efavirenz.
Question 4 of 5
A client underwent an antibody test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as part of a screening process and has just been told that the results were positive. Which anticipatory guidance regarding the next step should the nurse provide to the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Follow-up testing will be promptly performed to confirm the result. This is the most appropriate next step as a positive result on an antibody test does not confirm HIV infection. Follow-up testing, such as a confirmatory test like Western blot or PCR, is needed to confirm the diagnosis. This step is crucial to avoid unnecessary anxiety or premature treatment initiation. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: The client will be started on fluoxetine in 1 month - This choice is incorrect because fluoxetine is an antidepressant and not a treatment for HIV. B: Antiretroviral therapy will begin within 3 months - This choice is incorrect because starting antiretroviral therapy should be based on confirmed diagnosis, not just a positive antibody test result. D: The client will be monitored for signs and symptoms of HIV to determine the need for treatment - This choice is incorrect because monitoring signs and symptoms alone is not sufficient to confirm HIV infection or determine the need for treatment.
Question 5 of 5
Which medication might the nurse question if administered to the client with anemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels. Step 2: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor commonly used to treat hypertension, but it can cause anemia as a side effect. Step 3: Administering Lisinopril to a client with anemia can worsen the condition by further reducing red blood cell production. Step 4: Therefore, the nurse should question administering Lisinopril to a client with anemia to avoid exacerbating the condition. Summary: - A (Cipro): An antibiotic, not typically contraindicated in anemia. - C (Acetaminophen): A pain reliever, not directly related to anemia. - D (Ferrous sulfate): Iron supplement, actually used to treat anemia.