Who was the first president of the PNA?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rosario Delgado was the inaugural PNA president in 1922, leading its founding e.g., pushing licensure exams. Giron-Tupas (founder), Sotejo (educator), and Tupas (relative) differ. Her role established Filipino nursing's professional voice, a foundational step in its organizational history.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The right arm is preferred e.g., standard practice unless contraindicated (e.g., IVs). Contraptions (interference), left arm post-right CVA (weakness), or left default don't apply. Nurses choose this e.g., in routine checks for consistency, per clinical guidelines.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Functional nursing thrives with many patients and few nurses by assigning specific tasks e.g., one nurse gives meds, another checks vitals maximizing efficiency. Team nursing uses groups, primary nursing prioritizes one nurse's oversight, and total care demands one-on-one, less feasible here. In busy wards, this task-oriented approach ensures coverage, though it risks fragmentation. Its repetitive nature builds expertise, making it practical when staffing is stretched thin, a common reality in high-demand settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Intuitive Period (prehistory-6th century) used trephining skull drilling to expel evil spirits, per Egyptian beliefs e.g., treating seizures as possession. Unlike Dark (religious decline), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (formal training), this era relied on instinct, shaping nursing's early, superstition-driven care approaches.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) includes physiologic (body), self-concept (identity), role function (social), and interdependence (relationships) e.g., adjusting diet, esteem, work, support. Subjective data (patient reports) isn't a mode, but a tool. Nurses use this framework e.g., holistic plans for adaptive care.