ATI LPN
Quizlet LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
Who developed the theory that nurses assist clients with self-care to improve or to maintain health?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dorothea Orem's self-care theory posits that nurses assist clients in performing self-care activities to maintain or improve health, emphasizing individual responsibility and nursing support when deficits arise. Developed in the mid-20th century, this theory frames nursing as a facilitative process, helping clients meet universal needs like air, water, and food, or recover from illness through tailored interventions. Florence Nightingale focused on environmental modifications to aid healing, not self-care. Virginia Henderson's Need Theory defines nursing as assisting with basic needs until independence is regained, differing from Orem's self-care focus. Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model centers on adjusting to stimuli, not self-care per se. Orem's framework remains influential, guiding nurses to empower clients in managing their health, particularly in chronic or rehabilitative contexts, by fostering independence and collaboration.
Question 2 of 5
What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Health promotion and illness prevention models like the Health Belief Model or Agent-Host-Environment help providers understand health-related behaviors, decoding why people adopt or resist practices like smoking cessation. They analyze perceptions, risks, and environmental influences, guiding tailored interventions across diverse groups. They don't define medical frameworks or focus solely on disability care plans, though applicable there. Nor do they create rehabilitative forums rehab is tertiary, not their core. For example, the Health Belief Model predicts vaccine uptake by assessing perceived threats and benefits, aiding nurses in crafting education. These models' strength lies in behavioral insight, enhancing nursing's ability to prevent illness and promote health universally, not just for specific conditions, making care proactive and culturally attuned.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning a seminar about promoting healthy lifestyles for a group of older adults in the community. Which topics should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For older adults, a seminar on healthy lifestyles should cover key areas to boost wellness and prevent decline. Nutrition emphasizing balanced diets with calcium or fiber supports bone health and digestion, countering age-related risks like osteoporosis. Exercise, like walking or tai chi, maintains mobility and heart health, reducing falls crucial as muscle mass dips. Social activity combats isolation, linked to depression in seniors, fostering mental well-being via clubs or visits. Sleep habits address changes like lighter sleep promoting rest to aid cognition and immunity. All apply, but nutrition anchors the plan, as dietary needs shift with aging e.g., less sodium for hypertension. Nursing's role here blends these into actionable tips, leveraging evidence that holistic lifestyles cut chronic illness rates, ensuring older adults thrive, not just survive, in community settings.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse cares for an older adult client with congestive heart failure following a myocardial infarction. The client reports having difficulty breathing and states, 'I feel as if I am drowning when I lie down.' Which complication does the nurse recognize as contributing to this assessment finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client's symptoms difficulty breathing and a drowning sensation when lying down (orthopnea) point to pulmonary edema (C), a complication of congestive heart failure (CHF) post-myocardial infarction (MI). In CHF, the heart's pumping fails, causing fluid to back up into the lungs, worsening when supine due to increased venous return. Myocardial infarction (A) is the cause, not the complication. Panic attack (B) may mimic dyspnea but lacks the positional clue. Left ventricular hypertrophy (D) contributes to CHF but isn't the direct issue. C is correct. Rationale: Pulmonary edema's hallmark is fluid in alveoli, causing respiratory distress and orthopnea, a classic CHF progression post-MI, requiring urgent intervention like diuretics, unlike anxiety or structural changes.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is performing nasopharyngeal suctioning on a client and suddenly notes the presence of bloody secretions. Which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bloody secretions during nasopharyngeal suctioning suggest trauma; checking suction pressure (B) identifies if excessive force (e.g., >120 mm Hg) caused it, allowing adjustment. Continuing (A) or vigorous suctioning (D) risks further damage. Coughing (C) may not be feasible. B is correct. Rationale: Adjusting pressure prevents additional injury, a proactive step per airway management standards, balancing secretion removal with safety.