ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The T wave on an ECG represents ventricular repolarization, when potassium exits cells, relaxing the myocardium after systole key to resetting for the next beat. The R wave, part of the QRS complex, shows ventricular depolarization and contraction. The S wave completes QRS, not repolarization. The P wave is atrial depolarization. The T wave's shape and timing reflect recovery, critical in diagnostics e.g., inverted T waves signal ischemia making it a cornerstone of ECG interpretation and cardiac health assessment.
Question 2 of 5
Of the four parts of respiration, the part when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the body's tissue cells, is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Internal respiration (D) is the O₂ and CO₂ exchange between blood and tissue cells, per the key. Pulmonary ventilation (A) moves air into lungs (e.g., 6-8 L/min at rest). External respiration (B) occurs in alveoli. Transport of respiratory gases (C) is blood-mediated (e.g., 98% O₂ on Hb). At tissues, O₂ unloads (PvO₂ ≈40 mmHg) to cells, and CO₂ (PvCO₂ ≈46 mmHg) enters blood, per Bohr effect (pH shift). This cellular gas swap vital for metabolism (e.g., 250 mL/min O₂ use) defines D, contrasting with A's airflow, B's lung focus, or C's transit role, making internal respiration the tissue-specific process.
Question 3 of 5
What explanation should the nurse give to a client and family regarding the development of COPD in a young adult?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (A) causes early COPD (document: 1), per ATS 1% of cases, onset <40 years. AAT protects alveoli from elastase; deficiency (e.g., ZZ genotype) yields panacinar emphysema. Childhood smoking (B) or secondhand smoke (C) accelerates COPD but typically later (50s). Smokeless tobacco (D) affects oral health, not lungs. A's genetic basis AAT <11 μmol/L explains rapid destruction (FEV₠<50%), distinguishing it from B's or C's environmental latency.
Question 4 of 5
A client newly diagnosed with asthma has infrequent acute episodes. The nurse should teach the client that which medication is most effective for providing quick relief in acute episodes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA, e.g., albuterol) (B) relieves acute asthma fast, per document (implied 2). SABAs relax bronchial smooth muscle (FEVâ‚ up 15% in 5 min), easing dyspnea (RR <20). Corticosteroids (A) reduce inflammation long-term, not acutely. Anti-inflammatories (C) prevent, not relieve. Daily bronchodilators (D) are maintenance. B's rapid onset peak 30 min distinguishes it from A's delay, per GINA guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
A 6-year-old child is hospitalized following an acute asthmatic episode. Which statement by the parents indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quit the swim team' (B) shows misunderstanding, per document (2). Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is managed cromolyn (A) or albuterol pre-exercise (D) cut symptoms (80% efficacy). EIA (C) is common (10-15% kids). Swimming often helps asthma. B's restriction unlike A's prevention ignores control options, per GINA, needing correction.