Which vaccine is given as a series of 3 doses?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The hepatitis B vaccine is administered as a 3-dose series (typically at 0, 1, and 6 months) for full immunization in infants, children, and adults. Choice B (MMR) is a 2-dose series (at 11-12 months and 4-6 years). Choice C (Hepatitis A) is a 2-dose series (6 months apart). Choice D (HPV) can be a 2- or 3-dose series depending on age at initiation (2 doses if started before age 15, 3 doses if started at 15 or older), but hepatitis B is the most consistently recognized 3-dose series among these options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: CDC guidelines mandate that vaccine refrigerator temperatures be checked and logged twice daily (morning and evening) to ensure they remain within 2°C-8°C. This frequent monitoring detects excursions promptly, preventing vaccine spoilage. Choice A (once a week) and D (twice a week) are insufficient, and Choice C (once daily) misses potential overnight fluctuations, making Choice B the standard practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Informed consent is a fundamental patient right, often enshrined in documents like the U.S. Patients’ Bill of Rights (Choice B), which outlines autonomy, information disclosure, and decision-making capacity. Choice A (Minister of Health) and C (Chief Medical Officer) are roles, not legal frameworks, and Choice D (Public Health Act) may govern public health measures but not specifically validate consent processes, which are rooted in patient rights.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Antigens are foreign substances (e.g., proteins on viruses or bacteria) that can trigger an immune response, potentially causing disease if pathogenic. Antibodies (Choice A) are produced by B cells to neutralize antigens. T-Lymphocytes (Choice C) and macrophages (Choice D) are immune cells that respond to antigens, not the substances themselves, making Choice B the correct term.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hib vaccine prevents *Haemophilus influenzae* type b infections, including epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway obstruction. MMR, HepB, and polio vaccines target unrelated diseases (measles/mumps/rubella, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis), none of which cause epiglottitis.