Which test can be used to detect hemolytic anemia?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coombs test. The Coombs test detects antibodies attached to red blood cells, a characteristic of hemolytic anemia. This test helps identify the presence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. B: Genetic testing is not typically used to detect hemolytic anemia as it focuses on genetic mutations rather than the antibodies causing the condition. C: Peripheral blood smear can show abnormal red blood cell shapes in hemolytic anemia but does not directly detect the presence of antibodies causing the hemolysis. D: Schilling test is used to assess vitamin B12 absorption and is not relevant to detecting hemolytic anemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Soccer-ball. In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), lymphocytes typically appear small or slightly larger than normal, with hypercondensed nuclear chromatin and the presence of bare nuclei called 'smudge cells'. The comparison to a soccer-ball is apt as soccer-balls are relatively small, round, and have a unique pattern on their surface. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the characteristic appearance of lymphocytes in CLL. B: Basketball is too large and lacks the hypercondensed nuclear chromatin pattern. C: Football is not round and lacks the specific nuclear chromatin pattern. D: Tennis-ball is also too small and does not exhibit the characteristic appearance of CLL lymphocytes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: After adjusting for Kohler illumination, the light intensity should not be regulated through the condenser because it is meant to adjust the focus and light distribution, not intensity. The correct way to regulate light intensity is through the rheostat, not the condenser. Using a neutral density filter can help reduce light intensity, but it is not the primary method for regulation in Kohler illumination. Kohler magnifier is not used for light intensity regulation but for viewing the image.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peripheral protein. Peripheral proteins are located on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane and play a crucial role in maintaining cell shape, structure, and deformability. They interact with the cytoskeleton to support the membrane's integrity. Integral proteins (choice A) are embedded within the lipid bilayer but do not directly impact cell shape. Exterior lipids (choice B) are components of the membrane but do not have a primary role in determining cell structure. Interior lipids (choice D) are important for membrane fluidity but do not contribute significantly to cell shape and deformability.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pyruvate Kinase. This enzyme deficiency in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway leads to the accumulation of intermediates, causing red blood cell damage and hemolytic anemia. Pyruvate Kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, a crucial step in glycolysis. In contrast, choices A, B, and D are not directly related to the final step of glycolysis and do not lead to the accumulation of intermediates causing hemolytic anemia. Hexokinase is involved in the initial step of glycolysis, Phosphofructokinase in the committed step, and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.