ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Systole is the cardiac cycle phase when a chamber (atria or ventricles) contracts, raising pressure to eject blood ventricular systole pushes blood into the aorta/pulmonary trunk. Filling occurs during diastole, when chambers relax and fill. Repolarization is an electrical event, not a mechanical phase. Diastole is relaxation, opposite to contraction. Systole's pressure rise, peaking at ~120 mmHg in the left ventricle, drives circulation, a core concept in the cardiac cycle, critical in understanding blood flow dynamics and conditions like systolic dysfunction.
Question 2 of 5
The internal layer of tissue in the heart is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The endocardium, the heart's internal layer, is endothelium over connective tissue, lining chambers and contacting blood, distinct from epicardium (outer), myocardium (muscle), and pericardium (sac). It ensures smooth flow, key in endocarditis where infection targets it, a critical inner boundary in heart anatomy and pathology.
Question 3 of 5
The organ of the respiratory system where air is warmed, moistened and cleaned is the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nose (A) warms, moistens, and cleans air, per the key. Its turbinates increase surface area (150 cm²), warming air to 37°C, humidifying to 90%, and trapping particles via mucus/hairs (e.g., 10 μm filtered). The pharynx (B) conducts air/food, larynx (C) phonates, and trachea (D) conducts none match the nose's conditioning role. Physiology texts note nasal mucosa's vascularity and cilia clear 10000 L/day of air, distinguishing A from B's passageway, C's vocal function, or D's cartilage-supported conduit only the nose preps air for alveoli.
Question 4 of 5
Pharmacological treatment would the nurse administer at prevention of pulmonary embolism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enoxaparin (C) prevents pulmonary embolism (PE), per document (3). This anticoagulant (LMWH) inhibits factor Xa, reducing clot risk (e.g., 40 mg/day). Streptokinase (A) dissolves clots, not prevents. Vitamin K (B) reverses anticoagulation opposite effect. Protamine (D) counters heparin overdose. PE prophylaxis (e.g., post-surgery) relies on C's antithrombotic action 80% risk reduction unlike A's thrombolysis or B's clotting aid.
Question 5 of 5
What would be a priority nursing intervention for a child with bronchiolitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-Fowler's (C) is priority for bronchiolitis, per document (implied 3). Upright (60°) eases RSV dyspnea (RR >40), improving O₂ (SpO₂ >92%). Stimulation (A) worsens distress. I&O (B) monitors, not intervenes. Fluids (D) risk aspiration if tachypneic. C's positioning Vt up 20% directly aids breathing, unlike B's tracking, per AAP guidelines.