Which tends to be more complicated, upper or lower UTI?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Upper UTIs (kidney/ureter) are more complicated due to severity and risk.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A tympanic temperature of 94.6°F post-abdominal surgery suggests hypothermia, so the nurse should take the temperature using another method (e.g., rectal, oral) to confirm accuracy. Tympanic readings can be unreliable post-op due to earwax or technique, and hypothermia (common after anesthesia) requires warming interventions if verified. Frequent BP checks, elevating the bed, or breathing exercises address other issues but not the primary concern of temperature validation, making re-measurement the best action.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prostaglandin F (PGF) causes renal vasoconstriction, reducing renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This contrasts with prostaglandins D, I, and E, which vasodilate. By constricting afferent and efferent arterioles, PGF decreases the pressure driving filtration, serving as a regulatory mechanism under certain conditions like inflammation. It does not directly affect sodium or water reabsorption, making B the correct function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Principal cells are found in the collecting tubules (or ducts), where they regulate water and sodium balance via ADH and aldosterone. ‘Connecting tubules' likely refers to the collecting system in this context. Intercalated discs are cardiac structures, macula densa is in the distal tubule, and juxtaglomerular cells are in arterioles, making B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Peptides in the proximal convoluted tubule are reabsorbed via endocytosis. Filtered peptides are taken up by apical microvilli into tubular cells, where they're broken down into amino acids and released into the blood. This receptor-mediated process differs from facilitated diffusion (glucose), active transport (Na⁺), or passive diffusion (urea), making C correct.