ATI LPN
Neurology Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which statement is correct concerning the elements of the retina?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Photoreceptors hyperpolarize upon light activation, unlike most receptors. TMP13 p. 650
Question 2 of 5
After a patient experienced a brief episode of tinnitus, diplopia, and dysarthria with no residual effects, the nurse anticipates teaching the patient about
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's symptoms are consistent with transient ischemic attack (TIA), and drugs that inhibit platelet aggregation are prescribed after a TIA to prevent a stroke. Continuous heparin infusion is not routinely used after TIA or with acute ischemic stroke. The patient's symptoms are not consistent with a cerebral aneurysm. tPA is used only for acute ischemic stroke, not for TIA.
Question 3 of 5
A male patient who has right-sided weakness after a stroke is making progress in learning to use the left hand for feeding and other activities. The nurse observes that when the patient's wife is visiting, she feeds and dresses him. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The information supports the diagnosis of disabled family coping because the wife does not understand the rehabilitation program. There are no data supporting low self-esteem, and the patient is attempting independence. The data do not support an interruption in family processes because this may be a typical pattern for the couple. There is no indication that the patient has impaired nutrition.
Question 4 of 5
You witness your patient having a tonic-clonic seizure. What is our first action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During a tonic-clonic seizure, the priority is to protect the airway by turning the patient on their side to prevent aspiration of saliva or vomit. Checking motor strength, loosening clothing, and documenting time are secondary to immediate safety.
Question 5 of 5
A 39-year-old female presents with progressive weakness in her shoulders and hips over a period of two months. She states that getting up from a chair, climbing a flight of stairs, combing her hair, and picking up her groceries have become increasingly difficult. Family history is significant for colon cancer in her father, and systemic lupus erythematosus in the mother. Creatine kinase and LDH is elevated on laboratory testing. On physical examination, an erythematous rash in the periorbital region is seen. Mild swelling is noted in the small joints of the hand. Muscle tenderness is elicited upon palpation of the shoulders and hips. 4-/5 strength is appreciated in the deltoid, and hip. Which of the following is the best treatment for her symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dermatomyositis (proximal weakness, rash, elevated CK/LDH) responds best to corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) as initial treatment to reduce inflammation. Methotrexate is a steroid-sparing agent, hydroxychloroquine is for SLE, rituximab is for refractory cases, and IVIG is not first-line.