Which statement by a patient with diabetes indicates an understanding of the medication insulin glargine injection (Lantus)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin with no peak, providing steady glucose control over 24 hours (D), unlike short-acting insulins. It doesn't cause weight loss (A), isn't restricted to night (B), and lasts far longer than six hours (C), making D the accurate understanding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The thick ascending loop uses a Na/K/2Cl pump to reabsorb salt (A), is impermeable to water/urea (B is false), and furosemide blocks this pump, producing dilute urine (C). A and C are true—salt is pumped out, furosemide dilutes urine—while B is incorrect, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Aldosterone, high pCO₂, and acidemia boost ammonium (NH₄⁺) excretion (A) in the collecting duct and proximal tubule to excrete H⁺ during acidosis. Aldosterone enhances H⁺ secretion, pCO₂ and acidemia stimulate ammoniagenesis, making A (true) correct over B or added options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The vagina is lined with stratified squamous epithelium (A), protecting against friction. Transitional (B) is in the bladder, ciliated columnar (C) in fallopian tubes, and cuboidal (D) in tubules, making A correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The arcuate artery (C) lies at the cortex-medulla junction, branching from interlobar arteries. Lobar (A) and interlobar (B) are deeper, and segmental (D) is proximal, making C the boundary vessel.