ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which statement best describes what will most likely happen when an individual receives a vaccination containing a weakened pathogen?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: When an individual receives a vaccination containing a weakened pathogen, the immune system recognizes it as foreign. Step 2: The immune system then mounts a response by producing antibodies specific to that pathogen. Step 3: These antibodies help the body recognize and fight the pathogen if encountered in the future. Step 4: Therefore, the ability to fight disease caused by the specific pathogen will increase due to antibody production. Summary: Choice B is correct because the primary purpose of vaccination is to stimulate antibody production specific to the pathogen, enhancing the body's ability to fight that particular disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the immune response to vaccination containing a weakened pathogen.
Question 2 of 5
Teaching with a female client who has a new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) about factors that can trigger an exacerbation of SLE- determine that the client requires further teaching when she identifies which of the following as a factor that can exacerbate SLE?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Exercise is the correct answer. Regular exercise is beneficial for individuals with SLE as it can help improve aerobic capacity and immune function, which can help manage the condition. Therefore, it is important for the client to work with her provider to develop an appropriate exercise program. Step 2: Pregnancy (choice A) can exacerbate SLE due to hormonal changes, leading to increased risk of renal and cardiovascular effects. Sunlight exposure (choice C) can trigger flare-ups in some individuals with SLE. Emotional stress (choice D) can also worsen SLE symptoms by affecting the immune system. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because pregnancy can exacerbate SLE due to hormonal changes. Choice C is incorrect because sunlight exposure can trigger flare-ups in some individuals with SLE. Choice D is incorrect because emotional stress can also worsen SLE symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
Reinforcing teaching with a client who has recent diagnosis of raynaud's disease about preventing onset of manifestations- indicates an understanding of teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Raynaud's disease is a condition where blood flow to fingers and toes is reduced in response to cold or stress, causing numbness and discoloration. Step 2: Smoking can worsen Raynaud's symptoms by constricting blood vessels, so not smoking is crucial for prevention. Step 3: Therefore, advising the client not to smoke shows understanding of preventing Raynaud's manifestations. Step 4: Option A is incorrect as purine restriction is for gout not Raynaud's. Option C is dangerous as mild symptoms should not be ignored. Option D is incorrect as cold water worsens Raynaud's symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
What disease is an example of secondary immunodeficiency?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: AIDS. Secondary immunodeficiency results from external factors such as infections or medical treatments. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weakens the immune system. X-linked agammaglobulinemia and severe combined immunodeficiency are primary immunodeficiencies, present at birth. Addison disease affects the adrenal glands, not the immune system. Therefore, AIDS is the best example of secondary immunodeficiency due to its external cause impacting immune function.
Question 5 of 5
The most common type of leukaemia in adults over 55 is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). CLL is the most common type of leukaemia in adults over 55, characterized by the slow accumulation of abnormal lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow. This type of leukaemia typically progresses slowly and may not require immediate treatment. Rationale: 1. Age group: CLL predominantly affects older adults, making it the most common type of leukaemia in individuals over 55. 2. Chronic nature: CLL is a chronic leukaemia, characterized by a slow progression of the disease. 3. Lymphocytic origin: CLL involves abnormal lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. Summary: A: Acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) is more common in children and young adults. B: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is more common in older adults but not the most common in individuals over 55. C: Chronic myeloid