ATI LPN
Hematologic System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which sickle cell disorder causes the most severe symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Sickle cell anemia is the correct answer because it results from inheriting two abnormal hemoglobin genes causing severe symptoms. Step 2: Sickle cell-thalassemia is incorrect because it involves a combination of sickle cell gene and thalassemia gene but generally milder symptoms. Step 3: Sickle cell-HbC disease is incorrect as it involves a different type of abnormal hemoglobin gene and typically milder symptoms compared to sickle cell anemia. Step 4: Sickle cell trait is incorrect because it results from inheriting one abnormal hemoglobin gene and usually has no or mild symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is completing a medication history for a client who reports using fish oil as a dietary supplement. Which of the following substances in fish oil should the nurse recognize as a health benefit to this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Omega-3 fatty acids. Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have numerous health benefits such as reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and promoting brain function. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for overall health and well-being. Explanation of other choices: B: Vitamin D - While important for bone health, vitamin D is not the primary substance in fish oil known for its health benefits. C: Calcium - Calcium is essential for bone health, but it is not the main substance found in fish oil. D: Iron - Iron is crucial for oxygen transport in the body but is not typically found in fish oil in significant amounts.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and whose telemetry reading displays a flattening of the T wave. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse anticipate as the cause of this ECG change?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium 2.8 mEq/L. Flattening of the T wave on ECG is a common sign of hypokalemia, which is a low potassium level. Potassium plays a crucial role in regulating the electrical activity of the heart, and low levels can lead to ECG changes such as T wave flattening. Therefore, in a client with heart failure displaying this ECG change, a low potassium level is the likely cause. Summary: - Choice B (Potassium 5.5 mEq/L) is incorrect as it is within the normal range. - Choice C (Calcium 8.0 mg/dL) is incorrect as calcium levels do not typically cause T wave changes. - Choice D (Magnesium 1.5 mEq/L) is incorrect as low magnesium levels can cause T wave changes, but in this scenario, potassium is the more likely cause based on the ECG finding.
Question 4 of 5
Which medication is a COX-2 enzyme blocker?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Celecoxib. Celecoxib is a COX-2 enzyme blocker, specifically designed to inhibit the COX-2 enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. This selective action reduces the risk of gastrointestinal side effects commonly associated with non-selective NSAIDs like Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen, making Celecoxib a preferred choice for patients with a history of gastric ulcers or other gastrointestinal issues. Diclofenac (A), Ibuprofen (C), and Naproxen (D) are non-selective NSAIDs that inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, increasing the risk of gastrointestinal complications.
Question 5 of 5
What is a consideration for patients taking corticosteroids?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Take in the morning to mimic the body's natural corticosteroid levels. Corticosteroids should be taken in the morning as it aligns with the body's natural cortisol production, reducing the risk of disrupting the sleep-wake cycle. Administering on an empty stomach (B) can cause gastric irritation. Avoiding water with corticosteroids (C) is unnecessary. Crushing enteric-coated tablets (D) can alter the drug's absorption pattern.