ATI LPN
Perioperative Care Fundamentals Practice Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which should the nurse teach the patient regarding NPO status prior to a surgical procedure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: No clear liquids by mouth for two hours prior to the surgery,' per ASA guidelines solids 6-8 hours, clear liquids 2 hours to reduce aspiration risk. '12 hours' (A) is excessive. 'Six hours solids' (B) is partial. 'Four hours liquids' (C) is too long. In nursing, NPO education ensures safety; D aligns with NCLEX Perioperative, reflecting current standards.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assigned to assist in caring for a client who recently returned from the operating room. On data collection, the nurse notes that the client's vital signs are as follows: blood pressure (BP) 102/62 mm Hg, pulse 91 beats per minute, respirations 16 breaths per minute. Preoperative vital signs were BP 124/78 mm Hg, pulse 74 beats per minute, respirations 20 breaths per minute. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recheck the vital signs in 15 minutes,' as a slight BP drop and pulse rise are common postop, warranting monitoring unlike 'call surgeon' (B), premature, 'warm blanket' (C), or 'arouse' (D), secondary. In nursing, reassessment guides action; A aligns with NCLEX Perioperative, prioritizing observation.
Question 3 of 5
A 47-year-old patient is having surgery to remove kidney stones. What is the correct classification for this surgery?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Surgery to remove kidney stones is classified as restorative because it restores normal urinary function by eliminating obstructions, improving the patient's health and comfort. Emergent surgery implies immediate life-threatening conditions, not typical for kidney stones unless complications like sepsis arise. Palliative surgery relieves symptoms without curing, unlike this functional correction. Urgent surgery suggests prompt need, possible but not the primary classification here, which focuses on purpose. The rationale lies in the restorative intent: removing stones prevents recurrent pain and infection, aligning with surgery's goal to repair or enhance organ function. Nursing supports this through preoperative care and postoperative recovery, emphasizing restoration over urgency or palliation.
Question 4 of 5
Which postoperative interventions will the nurse typically teach a patient to prevent complications following surgery? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Postoperative teaching includes incision splinting , range-of-motion exercises , and deep-breathing exercises (choice E, not listed) to prevent complications like dehiscence, thrombosis, and atelectasis. Massaging legs risks emboli; delaying pain meds hinders recovery. The rationale emphasizes prevention: splinting supports wounds during coughing, reducing dehiscence; exercises promote circulation and lung expansion. Nursing educates to empower self-care, contrasting risky (massage) or ineffective (pain delay) actions, ensuring optimal healing and complication avoidance.
Question 5 of 5
Which factors may lead to an anesthetic overdose in a patient? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anesthetic overdose factors include slowed metabolism , older age , fat retention , and liver/kidney disease (choice E, not listed). Uncooperative behavior affects management, not overdose. The rationale explains pharmacokinetics: elderly patients and those with impaired liver/kidney function metabolize drugs slower, accumulating anesthetics; fat stores retain lipophilic agents, prolonging effects. Nursing monitors these risks, adjusting care (e.g., dosing, ventilation), ensuring safety, distinct from behavioral challenges.