ATI LPN
Quizlet Adult Medical Surgical Head Injury Monitoring Neurological Status Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which retinal cells have action potentials?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Only ganglion cells in the retina produce action potentials. TMP13 p. 655
Question 2 of 5
You are at Publix and see a woman collapsed with right-sided weakness and slurred speech. What should you do?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Right-sided weakness and slurred speech suggest a stroke. The priority is to call emergency services (e.g., 911) to ensure rapid professional assessment and treatment, such as thrombolysis if within the time window. Offering water risks aspiration, driving delays care, and carotid massage is irrelevant.
Question 3 of 5
A previously healthy 26-year-old male is brought to the emergency department due to muscle weakness. He reports mild weakness in his legs that has progressively worsened over a few days to the point that he can barely move his legs. He has some numbness in his legs and his arms feel weak. He has recently recovered from a respiratory infection. 1/5 muscle strength is noted throughout the lower extremities, as well as absent patellar and ankle reflexes. 3 to 4-/5 muscle strength is appreciated throughout his upper extremities. A lumbar puncture is performed, which shows the following: Cell count: 4 cells/mm3, Glucose: 67 mg/dL, Protein: 187 mg/dL Gram stain: no organisms Spirometry is performed, which shows a forced vital capacity of 0.85 L. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute progressive weakness post-infection, areflexia, and albuminocytologic dissociation (elevated protein, normal cells) on CSF suggest Guillain-Barre syndrome. A forced vital capacity of 0.85 L indicates severe respiratory compromise, making intubation the priority to prevent respiratory failure.
Question 4 of 5
A 37-year-old female with migraine without aura presents with headaches of increased frequency that typically begin in the morning. She says that zolmitriptan and acetaminophen are no longer effective in treating her episodes. In a month, she experiences approximately 20 days of headaches, and in the past 3 months, she has used zolmitriptan 15 times per month, on average, and acetaminophen at least 20 days per month. Medical history is significant for migraine and asthma. Medications are zolmitriptan, over the counter acetaminophen, and an albuterol inhaler. Which of the following is the next best step in management?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Frequent headaches (20 days/month) and overuse of zolmitriptan and acetaminophen suggest medication-overuse headache complicating migraines. Prophylaxis (e.g., topiramate) and effective acute treatment are needed to break the cycle.
Question 5 of 5
A 54-year-old male presents with difficulty in eating and drinking, and worsening hand-writing. This has been stressful for him as he has been continuously working on a novel that is due for publishing in a few weeks. He notes that alcohol improves his symptoms and relieves his stress. Medical history in noncontributory. Family history is significant for similar symptoms in his father, but cannot recall the name of the diagnosis. Physical examination shows a tremor of the hand, of medium frequency that worsens with his arms outstretched. Mild titubation is also noted on exam. Which of the following is the best initial treatment option for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postural tremor worsened by action, improved by alcohol, and familial history suggest essential tremor. Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol) are the first-line treatment, reducing tremor amplitude.