ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which respond to POâ‚‚ and PCOâ‚‚ but not pH?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: aortic bodies respond to POâ‚‚ and PCOâ‚‚ but are less sensitive to pH than carotid bodies (which sense all three). Choice A (central) detects pH via COâ‚‚. Choice B (carotid) includes pH sensitivity. Choice D (stretch) is mechanical. Aortic bodies, in the aortic arch, prioritize gas tensions, with pH a secondary signal via carotid dominance, making C the best fit.
Question 2 of 5
Total lung capacity is equal to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: total lung capacity (TLC) = vital capacity (VC) + residual volume (RV), e.g., 4.8 + 1.2 = 6 L in men. Choice A (VC + TV) overcounts inspiratory volume. Choice B (VC + FRC) double-counts RV and ERV. Choice C (TV + RV) is too small (≈1.7 L). TLC encompasses all lung volume (RV + ERV + TV + IRV), and VC (ERV + TV + IRV) plus RV completes it. E aligns with standard lung volume definitions.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following DOES NOT shift the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: decreased phosphate lowers 2,3-DPG, shifting the O₂ dissociation curve left (higher Hb-O₂ affinity, P₅₀ down). Choice B (altitude) increases 2,3-DPG, shifting right. Choice C (cortisol) may indirectly raise 2,3-DPG via metabolism, shifting right. Choice D (decreased pH) shifts right (Bohr effect, H⺠reduces affinity). Choice E (aldosterone) has minimal direct effect but isn't listed. Phosphate depletion (e.g., starvation) reduces 2,3-DPG, countering right-shift factors like CO₂, temperature, or hypoxia, making A the exception in this context.
Question 4 of 5
What word is used to describe the most severe spread of influenza?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A pandemic describes the most severe spread of influenza, characterized by a new virus subtype spreading globally across multiple continents, affecting large populations with significant morbidity and mortality. This differs from an epidemic, which is a regional or community-wide outbreak, less severe in scope. An outbreak is even smaller, often localized, while antigenic refers to the virus's properties, not its spread. Historically, influenza pandemics like 1918 and 2009 demonstrated widespread devastation due to lack of immunity and rapid transmission. Understanding these terms is vital for public health responses pandemics require global coordination, unlike smaller-scale events. The nurse educating about influenza spread would emphasize ‘pandemic' as the term for the most severe scenario, reflecting its impact on healthcare systems and populations, necessitating urgent vaccination and containment strategies.
Question 5 of 5
After a week of caring for a client with the flu, the home care nurse modifies a nursing intervention concerning fluids; adds a new nursing diagnosis and intervention related to ineffective airway clearance; and discontinues a nursing diagnosis of fatigue. Which phase of the nursing process does this activity represent?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This activity represents the evaluation phase, where the nurse assesses the client's progress after a week, modifying care based on outcomes. Adjusting the fluid intervention reflects reassessment of hydration needs, adding ineffective airway clearance addresses a new issue like mucus buildup, and discontinuing fatigue suggests it's resolved. Planning sets initial goals, not adjustments. Implementation is executing interventions, not revising them. Assessment gathers data but doesn't alter diagnoses this comes later. Evaluation ensures care evolves with the client's condition, critical in flu where symptoms shift (e.g., fatigue lessens, breathing worsens). The nurse's actions show ongoing judgment, refining the care plan to match the client's current state, a hallmark of this phase.