ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which respiratory volume is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume after normal expiration (ERV + RV, ≈2.4 L), not inspiration (FRC + TV = end-inspiratory volume). Choice A is true; tidal volume (TV, ≈500 mL) is normal breathing. ' vital capacity (VC, ≈4.8 L) is max inspiration to max expiration. Choice C is accurate; residual volume (RV, ≈1.2 L) remains after max expiration. FRC, the resting lung volume, balances chest wall and lung recoil, misstated in D as inspiratory, confusing it with inspiratory capacity or end-tidal volume. D's error makes it the incorrect definition.
Question 2 of 5
Which respond to mechanical and chemical stimulation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: nose and upper airway receptors respond to mechanical (e.g., flow) and chemical (e.g., irritants) stimuli, triggering sneeze/cough. Choice A (central) is pH-based. Choice B (carotid) and C (aortic) sense blood gases. Choice D (stretch) is mechanical only. Trigeminal/vagal innervation in upper airways detects both types, distinguishing G as the match.
Question 3 of 5
Regarding the neural control of breathing, which statement is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ventral respiratory group (VRG) neurons include expiratory cells that discharge spontaneously in forced breathing, not silent as stated. Choice A is true; centers and chemoreceptors are distinct. ' quiet expiration is passive (recoil). Choice C is accurate; inspiratory neurons (DRG) drive phrenic nerves. Choice E (12-15/min) fits. VRG's role in active expiration contradicts D's ‘no discharge,' making it false.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is NOT involved in the control of ventilation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: the basal ganglia regulate movement, not ventilation directly. Choice A (peripheral chemoreceptors) senses POâ‚‚/PCOâ‚‚/pH, driving breathing. Choice B (stretch receptors) modulates via Hering-Breuer reflex. Choice D (pons) refines rhythm (pneumotaxic center). Choice E (muscles) executes. The medulla (not listed) is primary, with pons and receptors integrating, but basal ganglia's role in motor disorders (e.g., Parkinson's) doesn't extend to respiratory control, making C the outsider.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following substances is NOT removed from the blood by the lung?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: adrenaline (epinephrine) passes through the lung largely unchanged, unlike other substances. Choice A (prostaglandins, e.g., PGEâ‚‚) is inactivated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Choice B (noradrenaline) is partially removed (less than serotonin). Choice C (acetylcholine) is hydrolyzed by cholinesterase. Choice E (bradykinin) is inactivated by ACE. The lung's metabolic role clears peptides, amines, and lipids, but catecholamines like adrenaline resist significant uptake or breakdown, maintaining systemic effects (e.g., fight-or-flight), making D the exception.