ATI LPN
Pediatric Gi Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which respiratory parameter determines the maximal volume of air that can be inhaled above the tidal volume?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inspiratory reserve capacity is the maximal volume inhaled above tidal volume during deep inspiration, a key lung volume parameter. Anatomic dead space (Choice A) is non-respiratory air. Expiratory reserve capacity (Choice B) is exhaled below tidal volume. FEV1 (Choice C) measures obstruction, not volume. Forced vital capacity (Choice D) is total exhaled volume. Inspiratory reserve capacity is correct.
Question 2 of 5
Most common side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids are oral thrush and dysphonia. The cause of oral thrush formation is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Local immunosuppression from inhaled glucocorticoids allows Candida overgrowth, causing thrush (ATS). Other options (B-E) aren’t primary causes.
Question 3 of 5
During therapy for hypernatremic dehydration, the goal is to decrease the serum sodium by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium should drop by less than 12 mEq/L/day to avoid cerebral edema, per guidelines (AAP). Faster or slower (C-E) rates are suboptimal.
Question 4 of 5
All of the following are basic mechanisms of metabolic acidosis except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased acid excretion corrects, not causes, metabolic acidosis (UpToDate). A, C-E are true mechanisms.
Question 5 of 5
The deficiency in brain and spinal fluid in patients with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) dependency with seizures is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pyridoxine dependency reduces GABA due to impaired glutamic acid decarboxylase, causing seizures (NORD). B-E are unrelated.